Abstract
A green house experiment was conducted to investigate the growth of Chinese cabbage, radish and soybean and change in the chemical properties of the soil after the 10mm application of the simulated acid rain(SAR) of pH 2.7 in the form of sprinkle and mist. It was applied 30 times for Chinese cabbage and radish and 62 times for soybean at the two-day intervals. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Visual damages caused by SAR were dark-brown or red brown leaf spots in Chinese cabbage, and dark-brown and wrinkled leaf margins in radish and soybean. 2. The degree of visual damages became severer as the number of SAR applications increased and it was severer with mist than with sprinkle of SAR. 3. Chlorophyll content was reduced by SAR, but it was not affected by the form of SAR application(sprinkle or mist) in all crops, although it was slightly lower with mist than with sprinkle of SAR. 4. Fresh weight of Chinese cabbage heads and radish roots and grain yield of soybean were reduced by SAR, and were not affected by the form of SAR application. 5. Contents of K, Ca, and Mg in leaves were reduced, while S content increased by SAR in all crops. The forms of SAR application did not affect contents of mineral nutrients in all crops. 6. SAR decreased soil pH and the contents Ca, Mg, and K of soil, while increased content. However, the contents of soil organic matter, N, and P were not affected by SAR. Forms of SAR application did not affect soil chemical properties either.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated acid rain caused dark-brown or red brown leaf spots in Chinese cabbage.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbage
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0 - Treatment
- SARe0
- Outcome
- dark-brown or red brown leaf spotse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Visual damages caused by SAR were dark-brown or red brown leaf spots in Chinese cabbage, and dark-brown and wrinkled leaf margins in radish and soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated acid rain caused dark-brown and wrinkled leaf margins in radish.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- SARe0
- Outcome
- dark-brown and wrinkled leaf marginse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Visual damages caused by SAR were dark-brown or red brown leaf spots in Chinese cabbage, and dark-brown and wrinkled leaf margins in radish and soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated acid rain caused dark-brown and wrinkled leaf margins in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- SARe0
- Outcome
- dark-brown and wrinkled leaf marginse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Visual damages caused by SAR were dark-brown or red brown leaf spots in Chinese cabbage, and dark-brown and wrinkled leaf margins in radish and soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Visual damage severity increased with number of SAR applications.
- Taxon
- Chinese Cabbage, Radish and SoybeanRaphanus sativusGlycine maxBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- number of SAR applicationse0
- Outcome
- visual damagese0
- Direction
- severere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The degree of visual damages became severer as the number of SAR applications increased and it was severer with mist than with sprinkle of SAR.”
t0“Chinese Cabbage, Radish and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Visual damage severity increased with mist.
- Taxon
- Chinese Cabbage, Radish and SoybeanRaphanus sativusGlycine maxBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- miste0
- Outcome
- visual damagese0
- Direction
- severere0
- Comparator
- sprinkle of SARe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The degree of visual damages became severer as the number of SAR applications increased and it was severer with mist than with sprinkle of SAR.”
t0“Chinese Cabbage, Radish and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content reduced under SAR.
- Taxon
- Chinese Cabbage, Radish and SoybeanRaphanus sativusGlycine maxBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- SARe0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll content was reduced by SAR, but it was not affected by the form of SAR application(sprinkle or mist) in all crops, although it was slightly lower with mist than with sprinkle of SAR.”
t0“Chinese Cabbage, Radish and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content not affected under form of SAR application(sprinkle or mist).
- Taxon
- Chinese Cabbage, Radish and SoybeanRaphanus sativusGlycine maxBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- form of SAR application(sprinkle or mist)e0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll content was reduced by SAR, but it was not affected by the form of SAR application(sprinkle or mist) in all crops, although it was slightly lower with mist than with sprinkle of SAR.”
t0“Chinese Cabbage, Radish and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content lower under mist.
- Taxon
- Chinese Cabbage, Radish and SoybeanRaphanus sativusGlycine maxBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- miste0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- sprinkle of SARe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll content was reduced by SAR, but it was not affected by the form of SAR application(sprinkle or mist) in all crops, although it was slightly lower with mist than with sprinkle of SAR.”
t0“Chinese Cabbage, Radish and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh weight of Chinese cabbage heads was reduced by simulated acid rain.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Treatment
- SARe0
- Outcome
- Fresh weight of Chinese cabbage headse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh weight of Chinese cabbage heads and radish roots and grain yield of soybean were reduced by SAR, and were not affected by the form of SAR application.”
Claim · model-written summary
radish roots was reduced by simulated acid rain.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- SARe0
- Outcome
- radish rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh weight of Chinese cabbage heads and radish roots and grain yield of soybean were reduced by SAR, and were not affected by the form of SAR application.”
Claim · model-written summary
grain yield of soybean was reduced by simulated acid rain.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- SARe0
- Outcome
- grain yield of soybeane0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh weight of Chinese cabbage heads and radish roots and grain yield of soybean were reduced by SAR, and were not affected by the form of SAR application.”
Claim · model-written summary
K leaf content reduced under acid rain.
- Taxon
- Chinese Cabbage, Radish and SoybeanRaphanus sativusGlycine maxBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- SARe0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Contents of K, Ca, and Mg in leaves were reduced, while S content increased by SAR in all crops.”
t0“Chinese Cabbage, Radish and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca leaf content reduced under acid rain.
- Taxon
- Chinese Cabbage, Radish and SoybeanRaphanus sativusGlycine maxBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- SARe0
- Outcome
- Cae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Contents of K, Ca, and Mg in leaves were reduced, while S content increased by SAR in all crops.”
t0“Chinese Cabbage, Radish and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mg leaf content reduced under acid rain.
- Taxon
- Chinese Cabbage, Radish and SoybeanRaphanus sativusGlycine maxBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- SARe0
- Outcome
- Mge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Contents of K, Ca, and Mg in leaves were reduced, while S content increased by SAR in all crops.”
t0“Chinese Cabbage, Radish and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
S content leaf content increased under acid rain.
- Taxon
- Chinese Cabbage, Radish and SoybeanRaphanus sativusGlycine maxBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- SARe0
- Outcome
- S contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Contents of K, Ca, and Mg in leaves were reduced, while S content increased by SAR in all crops.”
t0“Chinese Cabbage, Radish and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Application form did not affect leaf mineral nutrients.
- Taxon
- Chinese Cabbage, Radish and SoybeanRaphanus sativusGlycine maxBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- forms of SAR applicatione0
- Outcome
- contents of mineral nutrientse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The forms of SAR application did not affect contents of mineral nutrients in all crops.”
t0“Chinese Cabbage, Radish and Soybean”
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