Abstract
The effects of plant growth regulators (PGR) on calli induction, morphogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of flax were studied. The organogenic and callus formation capacity were assessed for different types of source explants. Root and shoot explants were equally good material for calli production but the former produced calli without shoot regeneration capacity. Under the experimental conditions tested, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + zeatin (ZEA) was the most efficient PGR combination on calli induction and biomass production. The calli were green but with no rhizogenic capacity. On the contrary, and at similar concentrations, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + kinetin (KIN) induced white or pale green friable calli with a good root regeneration capacity (60%). A factorial experiment with different combinations of 2,4-D + ZEA + gibberellic acid (GA3) levels revealed that the direction of explant differentiation was determined by specific PGR interactions and concentrations. The results from these experiments revealed that the morphogenetic pathway (shoot versus root differentiation) can be manipulated on flax explants by raising the 2,4-D level from 0.05 to 3.2 mg l-1 in the induction medium. The induction and development of somatic embryos from flax explants was possible in a range of 2,4-D+ZEA concentrations surrounding 0.4 mg l-1 2,4-D and 1.6 mg l-1 ZEA, the most efficient phytohormonal combination.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Root and shoot explants were equally good for callus production.
- Taxon
- flax
Linum usitatissimumt0 - Organ / stage
- Root and shoot explantse0
- Outcome
- equally good material for calli productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“Root and shoot explants were equally good material for calli production”
Claim · model-written summary
Root explant calli lacked shoot regeneration capacity.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Organ / stage
- callie0
- Outcome
- without shoot regeneration capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“the former produced calli without shoot regeneration capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D plus ZEA was the most efficient combination for callus induction and biomass.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + zeatin (ZEA)e0
- Outcome
- calli induction and biomass productione0
- Direction
- most efficiente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + zeatin (ZEA) was the most efficient PGR combination on calli induction and biomass production”
Claim · model-written summary
Calli under 2,4-D and ZEA were green and lacked root regeneration capacity.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Outcome
- green but with no rhizogenic capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“The calli were green but with no rhizogenic capacity.”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA plus KIN induced friable calli with 60% root regeneration capacity.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + kinetin (KIN)e0
- Outcome
- root regeneration capacitye0
- Direction
- goode0
- Value
- 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + kinetin (KIN) induced white or pale green friable calli with a good root regeneration capacity (60%)”
Claim · model-written summary
PGR interactions and concentrations determined explant differentiation direction.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- specific PGR interactions and concentrationse0
- Outcome
- direction of explant differentiatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“the direction of explant differentiation was determined by specific PGR interactions and concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising 2,4-D from 0.05 to 3.2 mg l-1 could change shoot versus root differentiation.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- raising the 2,4-D level from 0.05 to 3.2 mg l-1e0
- Outcome
- morphogenetic pathway (shoot versus root differentiation)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the morphogenetic pathway (shoot versus root differentiation) can be manipulated on flax explants by raising the 2,4-D level from 0.05 to 3.2 mg l-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Somatic embryo induction was most efficient around 0.4 mg l-1 2,4-D and 1.6 mg l-1 ZEA.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D+ZEA concentrations surrounding 0.4 mg l-1 2,4-D and 1.6 mg l-1 ZEAe0
- Outcome
- induction and development of somatic embryose0
- Direction
- most efficiente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The induction and development of somatic embryos from flax explants was possible in a range of 2,4-D+ZEA concentrations surrounding 0.4 mg l-1 2,4-D and 1.6 mg l-1 ZEA, the most efficient phytohormonal combination.”
The same questions in other papers
zeatin · growth · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
2,4-D · yield · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →2,4-D · growth · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
indole-3-butyric acid · growth · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
kinetin · growth · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.