Abstract
The effects of foliage sprays of various phenoxyacetic acid derivatives and of isopropyl n-phenylcarbamate on a dicotyledon, Phaseolus vulgaris, were compared. The carbamate was without effect and although all phenoxyacetic acid compounds were markedly toxic, they differed in the rapidity of their action. Wheat (Triticum vulgare) exhibited differential responses to phenoxyacetic acid compounds and to isopropyl phenylcarbaniate at different growth stages. Applications of four phenoxyacetic acid compounds to wheat at different stages of development, from late seedling to flowering, showed that grain yields were reduced most markedly by applications in the seedling stage; the butyl ester and amine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid were more toxic than the sodium salt. 0.1 per cent. foliage sprays of isopropyl phenylcarbamate had no effect on wheat in the late seedling or tillering stages, but severely depressed the yield of grain when applied at flowering. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) responded similarly. Higher concentrations applied to wheat at pre-shooting also reduced grain yields. Flax (Linum sitatissimum), although susceptible to pre-emergence treatment, was not affected by foliage sprays of isopropyl phenylcarbamate at any growth-stage. 0.1 per cent. applications of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as the sodium salt reduced flax yields only when applied at the seedling stage.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
The carbamate had no effect on Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- isopropyl n-phenylcarbamatee0
- Outcome
- without effecte0
- Direction
- without effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“plant species”
e0“The effects of foliage sprays of various phenoxyacetic acid derivatives and of isopropyl n-phenylcarbamate on a dicotyledon, Phaseolus vulgaris, were compared. The carbamate was without effect”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested phenoxyacetic acid compounds were markedly toxic to Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- phenoxyacetic acid compoundse0
- Outcome
- markedly toxice0
- Direction
- toxice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on a dicotyledon, Phaseolus vulgaris, were compared. The carbamate was without effect and although all phenoxyacetic acid compounds were markedly toxic, they differed in the rapidity of their action.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenoxyacetic acid compounds differed in speed of action on Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Outcome
- rapidity of their actione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on a dicotyledon, Phaseolus vulgaris, were compared. The carbamate was without effect and although all phenoxyacetic acid compounds were markedly toxic, they differed in the rapidity of their action.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat responded differently to phenoxyacetic acids and isopropyl phenylcarbamate across growth stages.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- different growth stagese0
- Outcome
- differential responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum vulgare) exhibited differential responses to phenoxyacetic acid compounds and to isopropyl phenylcarbaniate at different growth stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenoxyacetic acid compounds reduced wheat grain yield most when applied at the seedling stage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagee0
- Treatment
- four phenoxyacetic acid compoundse0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- different stages of developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of four phenoxyacetic acid compounds to wheat at different stages of development, from late seedling to flowering, showed that grain yields were reduced most markedly by applications in the seedling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The butyl ester was more toxic to wheat than the sodium salt.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- butyl estere0
- Outcome
- toxice0
- Direction
- more toxice0
- Comparator
- sodium salte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“the butyl ester and amine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid were more toxic than the sodium salt”
Claim · model-written summary
The amine salt was more toxic to wheat than the sodium salt.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- amine salte0
- Outcome
- toxice0
- Direction
- more toxice0
- Comparator
- sodium salte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“the butyl ester and amine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid were more toxic than the sodium salt”
Claim · model-written summary
A 0.1 percent isopropyl phenylcarbamate spray had no effect on wheat at late seedling stage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- late seedlinge0
- Treatment
- 0.1 per cent. foliage sprays of isopropyl phenylcarbamatee0
- Outcome
- no effecte0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“0.1 per cent. foliage sprays of isopropyl phenylcarbamate had no effect on wheat in the late seedling or tillering stages”
Claim · model-written summary
A 0.1 percent isopropyl phenylcarbamate spray had no effect on wheat at tillering.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- tilleringe0
- Treatment
- 0.1 per cent. foliage sprays of isopropyl phenylcarbamatee0
- Outcome
- no effecte0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“0.1 per cent. foliage sprays of isopropyl phenylcarbamate had no effect on wheat in the late seedling or tillering stages”
Claim · model-written summary
A 0.1 percent isopropyl phenylcarbamate spray severely depressed wheat grain yield at flowering.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- floweringe0
- Treatment
- 0.1 per cent. foliage sprays of isopropyl phenylcarbamatee0
- Outcome
- yield of graine0
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“0.1 per cent. foliage sprays of isopropyl phenylcarbamate had no effect on wheat in the late seedling or tillering stages, but severely depressed the yield of grain when applied at flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley responded similarly to the stage dependent isopropyl phenylcarbamate effects.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Outcome
- responded similarlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare) responded similarly.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher phenylcarbamate concentrations at pre-shooting reduced wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- pre-shootinge0
- Treatment
- Higher concentrationse0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Higher concentrations applied to wheat at pre-shooting also reduced grain yields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flax was susceptible to pre-emergence treatment.
- Taxon
- Flax
Linum usitatissimume0 - Outcome
- susceptible to pre-emergence treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flax (Linum sitatissimum), although susceptible to pre-emergence treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Isopropyl phenylcarbamate foliage sprays did not affect flax at any growth stage.
- Taxon
- FlaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- foliage sprays of isopropyl phenylcarbamatee0
- Outcome
- not affectede0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Qualifier
- any growth-stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flax (Linum sitatissimum), although susceptible to pre-emergence treatment, was not affected by foliage sprays of isopropyl phenylcarbamate at any growth-stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid at 0.1 percent reduced flax yield only at seedling stage.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagee0
- Treatment
- 0.1 per cent. applications of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as the sodium salte0
- Outcome
- flax yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“0.1 per cent. applications of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as the sodium salt reduced flax yields only when applied at the seedling stage.”
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See all 877 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.