Abstract
Cultivation of winter cover crops and its soil utilization for summer main crops in slope upland is very important at the respects of diminution of soil erosion and non-point pollution source. The effects of cover crop, hairy vetch as no-tillage or conventional tillage on prevention of soil erosion and reduction of chemical nitrogen fertilization were investigated in the slope upland with whiter clover living mulch (partial tillage) in Suwon for three years and with rye (conventional tillage) in Hongcheon for two years, respectively. In Suwon, amounts of soil lost by rainfall runoff decreased as much as 90% by hairy vetch-no tillage (HV-NT), white clover-partial tillage (WF-PT) together with the decrease of rainfall runoff compared to winter fallow with conventional tillage (WF-CT). In addition, amounts of weed also decreased as much as 80-90% by HV-NT and WF-PT. Corn yield decreased much at the plot of WF-PT mainly due to competition for soil water and nutrients between clover and corn at the early corn growth stage. On the contrary, corn yield increased by HV-NT compared to WF-CT regardless of weed control. In Hongcheon, amounts of soil eroded during winter season before corn seeding were reduced as much as 95% by cultivation of hairy vetch and rye compared to winter fallow. Amount of soil eroded during waxy corn growing season was reduced as much as 98% by HV-NT compared to WF-CT. Also, soil incorporation of hairy vetch and rye as green manure with conventional tillage at corn seeding time could reduce soil erosion as much as 70% compared to no soil cover with conventional tillage. Ear yields of waxy corn were increased 10% higher at hairy vetch green manure (HV-CT) without nitrogen fertilizer, 20% higher at HV-NT with standard nitrogen fertilizer, respectively than WF-CT. But ear yields of waxy corn were decreased by rye green manure (R-CT) and HV-NT at the condition of no nitrogen fertilizer. It was concluded that hairy vetch was better as winter cover crop to reduce both soil erosion and chemical nitrogen fertilizer simultaneously in slope upland than other cover crops.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch no tillage and white clover partial tillage reduced soil loss by up to 90% versus winter fallow conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- hairy vetch-no tillage (HV-NT), white clover-partial tillage (WF-PT)e0
- Outcome
- amounts of soil lost by rainfall runoffe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Comparator
- winter fallow with conventional tillage (WF-CT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amounts of soil lost by rainfall runoff decreased as much as 90% by hairy vetch-no tillage (HV-NT), white clover-partial tillage (WF-PT) together with the decrease of rainfall runoff compared to winter fallow with conventional tillage (WF-CT)”
e1“Corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The cover crop tillage treatments reduced weeds by 80-90%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- HV-NT and WF-PTe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- amounts of weede0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 80-90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amounts of weed also decreased as much as 80-90% by HV-NT and WF-PT”
e1“Corn yield decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
White clover partial tillage decreased corn yield because of competition for water and nutrients.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- WF-PTe0
- Outcome
- Corn yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
TrifoliumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yield decreased much at the plot of WF-PT mainly due to competition for soil water and nutrients between clover and corn at the early corn growth stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch no tillage increased corn yield against winter fallow conventional tillage regardless of weed control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- HV-NTe0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- regardless of weed controle0
- Comparator
- WF-CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn yield increased by HV-NT compared to WF-CT regardless of weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch and rye winter cover reduced soil erosion by up to 95% before corn sowing.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- cultivation of hairy vetch and ryee0
- Outcome
- amounts of soil erodede0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 95%e0
- Comparator
- winter fallowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amounts of soil eroded during winter season before corn seeding were reduced as much as 95% by cultivation of hairy vetch and rye compared to winter fallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch no tillage reduced soil erosion during waxy corn growth by up to 98%.
Verbatim
e0“Amount of soil eroded during waxy corn growing season was reduced as much as 98% by HV-NT compared to WF-CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporating hairy vetch and rye green manure reduced soil erosion by up to 70%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- soil incorporation of hairy vetch and rye as green manure with conventional tillagee0
- Outcome
- soil erosione0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Value
- 70%e0
- Comparator
- no soil cover with conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil incorporation of hairy vetch and rye as green manure with conventional tillage at corn seeding time could reduce soil erosion as much as 70% compared to no soil cover with conventional tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch green manure without nitrogen fertilizer raised waxy corn ear yield by 10%.
Verbatim
e0“Ear yields of waxy corn were increased 10% higher at hairy vetch green manure (HV-CT) without nitrogen fertilizer, 20% higher at HV-NT with standard nitrogen fertilizer, respectively than WF-CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch no tillage with standard nitrogen fertilizer raised waxy corn ear yield by 20%.
Verbatim
e0“Ear yields of waxy corn were increased 10% higher at hairy vetch green manure (HV-CT) without nitrogen fertilizer, 20% higher at HV-NT with standard nitrogen fertilizer, respectively than WF-CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye green manure lowered waxy corn ear yield without nitrogen fertilizer.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“ear yields of waxy corn were decreased by rye green manure (R-CT) and HV-NT at the condition of no nitrogen fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch no tillage lowered waxy corn ear yield without nitrogen fertilizer.
- Taxon
- waxy corne0
- Treatment
- HV-NT at the condition of no nitrogen fertilizere0
- Outcome
- ear yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“ear yields of waxy corn were decreased by rye green manure (R-CT) and HV-NT at the condition of no nitrogen fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors favor hairy vetch as a winter cover crop to reduce erosion and chemical nitrogen fertilizer together.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- hairy vetch was better as winter cover crop to reduce both soil erosion and chemical nitrogen fertilizer simultaneouslye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hairy vetch was better as winter cover crop to reduce both soil erosion and chemical nitrogen fertilizer simultaneously in slope upland than other cover crops”
e1“corn seeding time”
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