Abstract
This study evaluated the insecticidal potential of aqueous extracts of Aegle marmelos against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and yellow rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), as well as their effects on rice growth under controlled laboratory–greenhouse conditions in Bojonegoro, Indonesia, from March 2020 to February 2021. Fruit pulp, fruit peel, and leaf extracts were applied at concentrations of 20%, 40%, and 60%, with synthetic insecticide and untreated controls included for comparison. Separate experimental units were used for each target pest species. Mortality observations indicated that higher extract concentrations generally produced greater insecticidal activity. The 60% peel extract treatment produced the highest mortality against yellow rice stem borer, whereas fruit pulp extracts at 40% and 60% showed mortality values comparable to the synthetic insecticide treatment against brown planthopper. Several plant growth parameters, including tiller number, plant height, leaf color, and damage intensity, also tended to improve following extract application. However, some measured variables were not statistically significant, indicating considerable variability among replicates. The findings suggest that Aegle marmelos extracts possess potential as botanical insecticides for rice pest management, particularly against yellow rice stem borer. Further studies under broader greenhouse and field conditions are recommended to confirm efficacy, optimize formulation stability, and evaluate long-term effects on rice productivity and pest suppression. These results indicate that Aegle marmelos extracts may contribute to environmentally friendly pest management strategies by reducing dependence on synthetic insecticides while maintaining rice growth performance. Nevertheless, additional phytochemical characterization and toxicological evaluation are necessary before large-scale application can be recommended confidently.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Higher extract concentrations generally increased insecticidal activity against rice pests.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- extract concentrationse0
- Outcome
- insecticidal activitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Their Effects on Rice Growth”
e0“higher extract concentrations generally produced greater insecticidal activity”
e1“against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and yellow rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60% peel extract gave the highest yellow rice stem borer mortality.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 60% peel extract treatmente0
- Interactor
- yellow rice stem borere0pest
- Outcome
- mortality against yellow rice stem borere0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Their Effects on Rice Growth”
e0“The 60% peel extract treatment produced the highest mortality against yellow rice stem borer”
Claim · model-written summary
The 40% fruit pulp extract produced brown planthopper mortality comparable to synthetic insecticide.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fruit pulp extracts at 40%e0
- Interactor
- brown planthopper
Nilaparvata lugense0pest - Outcome
- mortality valuese0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- synthetic insecticide treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Their Effects on Rice Growth”
e0“fruit pulp extracts at 40% and 60% showed mortality values comparable to the synthetic insecticide treatment against brown planthopper”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60% fruit pulp extract produced brown planthopper mortality comparable to synthetic insecticide.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fruit pulp extracts at 40% and 60%e0
- Interactor
- brown planthopperNilaparvata lugense0pest
- Outcome
- mortality valuese0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- synthetic insecticide treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Their Effects on Rice Growth”
e0“fruit pulp extracts at 40% and 60% showed mortality values comparable to the synthetic insecticide treatment against brown planthopper”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice tiller number, plant height, and leaf color tended to improve after extract application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- extract applicatione0
- Outcome
- tiller number, plant height, leaf colore0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Qualifier
- tended toe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Several plant growth parameters, including tiller number, plant height, leaf color, and damage intensity, also tended to improve following extract application”
e1“effects on rice growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice damage intensity tended to improve following extract application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- extract applicatione0
- Outcome
- damage intensitye0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Qualifier
- tended toe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Several plant growth parameters, including tiller number, plant height, leaf color, and damage intensity, also tended to improve following extract application”
e1“effects on rice growth”
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