Paper · 2026 · Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering /Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering

Impact of Silicon and Selenium as Foliar Spray on Rice Yield and Declines its Drought Stress

Nesreen M. S. Samy; Noha A. Mahgoub

8
claims
23
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Under the greenhouse conditions, A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar spray with silicon and selenium on growth parameters, yield, enzymatic antioxidants, non-enzymatic antioxidant and nutrient content of rice grown under water scarcity. Two soil moisture contents was used (120 and 60 of the saturation point). Foliar spraying of silicon as K2SiO3 at a rate of 1000 mg L-1. and selenium as SeCl2 at a rate of 20 mg L-1. Results showed the decreasing of soil moisture content (SMC) led to decrease of plant height, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, straw, grain and biomass yield and nutrient content within each Si or Se application. Spraying with Si significantly increased plant growth and yield parameters i.e., 1000-grain weight, straw, grain yield, leaf photosynthetic pigments, proline, soluble sugars, and elements compared to other treatments under drought stress. The highest values α.TOC, AsA and GSH of rice plants were obtained with foliar spray of silicon treatment under different soil moisture content

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Claims 8

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Decreasing soil moisture reduced rice plant height and panicle length.

Treatment
decreasing of soil moisture content (SMC)e2
Outcome
plant height, panicle lengthe2
Direction
decreasee2
Setting
greenhouse conditionse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Under the greenhouse conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–31 · show in text ↑
e1

“rice grown under water scarcity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 229–260 · show in text ↑
e2

“Results showed the decreasing of soil moisture content (SMC) led to decrease of plant height, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, straw, grain and biomass yield and nutrient content within each Si or Se application”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 445–658 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Decreasing soil moisture reduced rice 1000-grain weight, straw and grain yield.

Treatment
decreasing of soil moisture content (SMC)e2
Outcome
1000-grain weight, straw, graine2
Direction
decreasee2
Setting
greenhouse conditionse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Under the greenhouse conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–31 · show in text ↑
e1

“rice grown under water scarcity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 229–260 · show in text ↑
e2

“Results showed the decreasing of soil moisture content (SMC) led to decrease of plant height, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, straw, grain and biomass yield and nutrient content within each Si or Se application”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 445–658 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Decreasing soil moisture reduced rice biomass yield.

Treatment
decreasing of soil moisture content (SMC)e2
Outcome
biomass yielde2
Direction
decreasee2
Setting
greenhouse conditionse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Under the greenhouse conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–31 · show in text ↑
e1

“rice grown under water scarcity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 229–260 · show in text ↑
e2

“Results showed the decreasing of soil moisture content (SMC) led to decrease of plant height, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, straw, grain and biomass yield and nutrient content within each Si or Se application”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 445–658 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Decreasing soil moisture reduced rice nutrient content.

Treatment
decreasing of soil moisture content (SMC)e2
Outcome
nutrient contente2
Direction
decreasee2
Setting
greenhouse conditionse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Under the greenhouse conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–31 · show in text ↑
e1

“rice grown under water scarcity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 229–260 · show in text ↑
e2

“Results showed the decreasing of soil moisture content (SMC) led to decrease of plant height, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, straw, grain and biomass yield and nutrient content within each Si or Se application”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 445–658 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar silicon spraying significantly increased rice plant growth and yield parameters under drought stress compared with other treatments.

Treatment
Spraying with Sie3
Outcome
plant growth and yield parameterse3
Direction
increasede3
Qualifier
under drought stresse3
Comparator
other treatmentse3
Setting
greenhouse conditionse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Under the greenhouse conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–31 · show in text ↑
e1

“rice grown under water scarcity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 229–260 · show in text ↑
e3

“Spraying with Si significantly increased plant growth and yield parameters i.e., 1000-grain weight, straw, grain yield, leaf photosynthetic pigments, proline, soluble sugars, and elements compared to other treatments under drought stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 660–897 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar silicon spraying significantly increased leaf photosynthetic pigments, proline and soluble sugars of rice under drought stress compared with other treatments.

Treatment
Spraying with Sie3
Outcome
leaf photosynthetic pigments, proline, soluble sugarse3
Direction
increasede3
Qualifier
under drought stresse3
Comparator
other treatmentse3
Setting
greenhouse conditionse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Under the greenhouse conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–31 · show in text ↑
e1

“rice grown under water scarcity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 229–260 · show in text ↑
e3

“Spraying with Si significantly increased plant growth and yield parameters i.e., 1000-grain weight, straw, grain yield, leaf photosynthetic pigments, proline, soluble sugars, and elements compared to other treatments under drought stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 660–897 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar silicon spraying significantly increased element content of rice under drought stress compared with other treatments.

Treatment
Spraying with Sie3
Outcome
elementse3
Direction
increasede3
Qualifier
under drought stresse3
Comparator
other treatmentse3
Setting
greenhouse conditionse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Under the greenhouse conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–31 · show in text ↑
e1

“rice grown under water scarcity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 229–260 · show in text ↑
e3

“Spraying with Si significantly increased plant growth and yield parameters i.e., 1000-grain weight, straw, grain yield, leaf photosynthetic pigments, proline, soluble sugars, and elements compared to other treatments under drought stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 660–897 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar silicon spray gave the highest alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and glutathione values in rice across soil moisture levels.

Treatment
foliar spray of silicone4
Outcome
α.TOC, AsA and GSHe4
Direction
higheste4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“rice grown under water scarcity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 229–260 · show in text ↑
e4

“The highest values α.TOC, AsA and GSH of rice plants were obtained with foliar spray of silicon treatment under different soil moisture content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 899–1042 · show in text ↑

silicon atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

42 papers: 38 positive, 4 negative or no effect

37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. no effect

38 papers more in this group

See all 42 papers →

silicon atom · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

218 papers: 202 positive, 16 negative or no effect

201 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
    Silicon without fungicides and fungicides at full rate without silicon showed no differences in yield in upland rice.

    Effects of Silicon and Fungicides on the Control of Leaf and Neck Blast in Upland Rice · 2004 · compared with fungicides (full rate) without Si

    Opposite directionAbout lacking this nutrient, so it counts the other way round

  2. no effect
  3. negative

214 papers more in this group

See all 218 papers →

silicon atom · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

77 papers: 66 positive, 11 negative or no effect

65 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

73 papers more in this group

See all 77 papers →

soil water · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

10 papers: 2 positive, 8 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

soil water · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

44 papers: 21 positive, 23 negative or no effect

22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

40 papers more in this group

See all 44 papers →

application · physiology: photosynthesis · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

47 papers: 46 positive, 1 negative or no effect

45 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

43 papers more in this group

See all 47 papers →

application · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

75 papers: 72 positive, 3 negative or no effect

71 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

71 papers more in this group

See all 75 papers →

application · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

691 papers: 645 positive, 46 negative or no effect

644 papers in the same direction as this paper · 37 in the opposite direction · 9 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

687 papers more in this group

See all 691 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.