Abstract
SummaryDrought is a major production constraint of rainfed lowland rice grown in Thailand and Laos. Adverse soil conditions also reduce yield. In an attempt to increase rainfed lowland rice production in these countries, a major collaborative international project was conducted during a 6-year period in the region. The objectives of the project were to quantify production constraints, determine genotypic variation in yield, and identify an effective breeding strategy. A rice simulation model was developed also and used to investigate the potential impact of strategies for genetic improvement and agronomic management.Four major physical or biological constraints to higher production levels of rainfed lowland rice were identified, (1) the lack of standing water at the appropriate time of transplanting, (2) severe water stress that often develops at the end of the growing season, (3) low yield potential of the present cultivars, particularly in Thailand, and (4) adverse soil conditions including low pH and low soil fertility. The results of the field experiments and simulation modelling exercises showed that the influence of these constraints can be reduced and yield increased by several methods : in particular, choice of appropriate cultivars and time of sowing to match crop phenology with water availability, application of appropriate fertilizer, adoption of high yielding cultivars, adoption of direct seeding in place of the traditional transplanting system, and reduction of percolation water loss from the paddies.A technology package currendy being investigated for the rainfed lowland rice is direct seeding early in the season, using cultivars that flower by the end of the rainy season, with application of organic or chemical fertilizer. The appropriate cultivars are early flowering and short-intermediate statured, possess high yield potential and ability to maintain favourable plant water status at flowering, and have the ability to establish well and compete against weed under direct seeding.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Lack of standing water at transplanting is identified as a major constraint on rainfed lowland rice
Verbatim
e1“Four major physical or biological constraints to higher production levels of rainfed lowland rice were identified, (1) the lack of standing water at the appropriate time of transplanting, (2) severe water stress that often develops at the end of the growing season, (3) low yield potential of the present cultivars, particularly in Thailand, and (4) adverse soil conditions including low pH and low soil fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water stress at the end of the growing season is identified as a major constraint on rainfed lowland rice
Verbatim
e1“Four major physical or biological constraints to higher production levels of rainfed lowland rice were identified, (1) the lack of standing water at the appropriate time of transplanting, (2) severe water stress that often develops at the end of the growing season, (3) low yield potential of the present cultivars, particularly in Thailand, and (4) adverse soil conditions including low pH and low soil fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
Low yield potential of the present cultivars is identified as a major constraint, particularly in Thailand
Verbatim
e1“Four major physical or biological constraints to higher production levels of rainfed lowland rice were identified, (1) the lack of standing water at the appropriate time of transplanting, (2) severe water stress that often develops at the end of the growing season, (3) low yield potential of the present cultivars, particularly in Thailand, and (4) adverse soil conditions including low pH and low soil fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
Adverse soil conditions are identified as a major constraint on rainfed lowland rice
Verbatim
e1“Four major physical or biological constraints to higher production levels of rainfed lowland rice were identified, (1) the lack of standing water at the appropriate time of transplanting, (2) severe water stress that often develops at the end of the growing season, (3) low yield potential of the present cultivars, particularly in Thailand, and (4) adverse soil conditions including low pH and low soil fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
Several methods reduced the influence of constraints and increased rainfed lowland rice yield
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Drought is a major production constraint of rainfed lowland rice grown in Thailand and Laos”
e2“The results of the field experiments and simulation modelling exercises showed that the influence of these constraints can be reduced and yield increased by several methods : in particular, choice of appropriate cultivars and time of sowing to match crop phenology with water availability, application of appropriate fertilizer, adoption of high yielding cultivars, adoption of direct seeding in place of the traditional transplanting system, and reduction of percolation water loss from the paddies”
Claim · model-written summary
Choice of appropriate cultivars and sowing time matched to crop phenology with water availability increased rainfed lowland rice yield
- Taxon
- rainfed lowland ricee0
- Treatment
- choice of appropriate cultivars and time of sowing to match crop phenology with water availabilitye2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Drought is a major production constraint of rainfed lowland rice grown in Thailand and Laos”
e2“The results of the field experiments and simulation modelling exercises showed that the influence of these constraints can be reduced and yield increased by several methods : in particular, choice of appropriate cultivars and time of sowing to match crop phenology with water availability, application of appropriate fertilizer, adoption of high yielding cultivars, adoption of direct seeding in place of the traditional transplanting system, and reduction of percolation water loss from the paddies”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of appropriate fertilizer increased rainfed lowland rice yield
- Taxon
- rainfed lowland ricee0
- Treatment
- application of appropriate fertilizere2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Drought is a major production constraint of rainfed lowland rice grown in Thailand and Laos”
e2“The results of the field experiments and simulation modelling exercises showed that the influence of these constraints can be reduced and yield increased by several methods : in particular, choice of appropriate cultivars and time of sowing to match crop phenology with water availability, application of appropriate fertilizer, adoption of high yielding cultivars, adoption of direct seeding in place of the traditional transplanting system, and reduction of percolation water loss from the paddies”
Claim · model-written summary
Adoption of high yielding cultivars increased rainfed lowland rice yield
- Taxon
- rainfed lowland ricee0
- Treatment
- adoption of high yielding cultivarse2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Drought is a major production constraint of rainfed lowland rice grown in Thailand and Laos”
e2“The results of the field experiments and simulation modelling exercises showed that the influence of these constraints can be reduced and yield increased by several methods : in particular, choice of appropriate cultivars and time of sowing to match crop phenology with water availability, application of appropriate fertilizer, adoption of high yielding cultivars, adoption of direct seeding in place of the traditional transplanting system, and reduction of percolation water loss from the paddies”
Claim · model-written summary
Adoption of direct seeding increased rainfed lowland rice yield compared with the traditional transplanting system
Verbatim
e0“Drought is a major production constraint of rainfed lowland rice grown in Thailand and Laos”
e2“The results of the field experiments and simulation modelling exercises showed that the influence of these constraints can be reduced and yield increased by several methods : in particular, choice of appropriate cultivars and time of sowing to match crop phenology with water availability, application of appropriate fertilizer, adoption of high yielding cultivars, adoption of direct seeding in place of the traditional transplanting system, and reduction of percolation water loss from the paddies”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduction of percolation water loss increased rainfed lowland rice yield
- Taxon
- rainfed lowland ricee0
- Treatment
- reduction of percolation water loss from the paddiese2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Drought is a major production constraint of rainfed lowland rice grown in Thailand and Laos”
e2“The results of the field experiments and simulation modelling exercises showed that the influence of these constraints can be reduced and yield increased by several methods : in particular, choice of appropriate cultivars and time of sowing to match crop phenology with water availability, application of appropriate fertilizer, adoption of high yielding cultivars, adoption of direct seeding in place of the traditional transplanting system, and reduction of percolation water loss from the paddies”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate rainfed lowland rice cultivars are early flowering and short-intermediate statured
Verbatim
e0“Drought is a major production constraint of rainfed lowland rice grown in Thailand and Laos”
e3“The appropriate cultivars are early flowering and short-intermediate statured, possess high yield potential and ability to maintain favourable plant water status at flowering, and have the ability to establish well and compete against weed under direct seeding”
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