Abstract
The ethyl acetate extract of Citharexylum spinosum L. flowers was very phytotoxic to germination and seedlings growth of three target plants: radish (Raphenus sativus L.), lettuce (lactuca sativa L.) and canary grass (Phalaris canariensis L.). To determine the allelochemicals in ethyl acetate extract of C. spinosum, successive purifications were fone by column chromatography, giving three pentacyclic triterpene acids [oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and corosolic acid]. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis including 1H, 13C, 2D NMR, DCI-HRMS and ESI-HRMS. Isolates and maslinic acid, previously isolated from pomace olive, were tested for their allelopathic effects against these three target plant. Corosolic acid and maslinic acid were tested for the first time for their phytotoxic properties. We found that the tested compounds exhibited variable activity due to differences in structures. The canary grass seeds were most sensitive to these tested triterpenic acids, the germination was totally inhibited by corosolic acid and maslinic acid at 60 ppm concentration.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The ethyl acetate extract of Citharexylum spinosum flowers was very phytotoxic to radish germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- ethyl acetate extract of Citharexylum spinosum L. flowerse0
- Interactor
- Citharexylum spinosum
Citharexylum spinosume0other - Outcome
- germination and seedlings growthe0
- Direction
- very phytotoxice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ethyl acetate extract of Citharexylum spinosum L. flowers was very phytotoxic to germination and seedlings growth of three target plants: radish (Raphenus sativus L.), lettuce (lactuca sativa L.) and canary grass (Phalaris canariensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The ethyl acetate extract of Citharexylum spinosum flowers was very phytotoxic to lettuce germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- ethyl acetate extract of Citharexylum spinosum L. flowerse0
- Interactor
- Citharexylum spinosumCitharexylum spinosume0other
- Outcome
- germination and seedlings growthe0
- Direction
- very phytotoxice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ethyl acetate extract of Citharexylum spinosum L. flowers was very phytotoxic to germination and seedlings growth of three target plants: radish (Raphenus sativus L.), lettuce (lactuca sativa L.) and canary grass (Phalaris canariensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The ethyl acetate extract of Citharexylum spinosum flowers was very phytotoxic to canary grass germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- canary grass
Phalaris aquaticae0 - Treatment
- ethyl acetate extract of Citharexylum spinosum L. flowerse0
- Interactor
- Citharexylum spinosumCitharexylum spinosume0other
- Outcome
- germination and seedlings growthe0
- Direction
- very phytotoxice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ethyl acetate extract of Citharexylum spinosum L. flowers was very phytotoxic to germination and seedlings growth of three target plants: radish (Raphenus sativus L.), lettuce (lactuca sativa L.) and canary grass (Phalaris canariensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three pentacyclic triterpene acids, oleanolic, ursolic and corosolic acid, were isolated from the Citharexylum spinosum flower extract.
- Taxon
- Citharexylum spinosumCitharexylum spinosume0
- Organ / stage
- flowerse0
- Outcome
- three pentacyclic triterpene acidse1
- Qualifier
- oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and corosolic acide1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ethyl acetate extract of Citharexylum spinosum L. flowers was very phytotoxic to germination and seedlings growth of three target plants: radish (Raphenus sativus L.), lettuce (lactuca sativa L.) and canary grass (Phalaris canariensis L.)”
e1“successive purifications were fone by column chromatography, giving three pentacyclic triterpene acids [oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and corosolic acid]”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested triterpene acids showed variable phytotoxic activity on the three target plants, due to differences in structure.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The ethyl acetate extract of Citharexylum spinosum L. flowers was very phytotoxic to germination and seedlings growth of three target plants: radish (Raphenus sativus L.), lettuce (lactuca sativa L.) and canary grass (Phalaris canariensis L.)”
e2“We found that the tested compounds exhibited variable activity due to differences in structures”
Claim · model-written summary
Canary grass seeds were the most sensitive target plant to the tested triterpenic acids.
- Taxon
- canary grassPhalaris aquaticae3
- Treatment
- tested triterpenic acidse3
- Outcome
- most sensitivee3
- Direction
- most sensitivee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The canary grass seeds were most sensitive to these tested triterpenic acids, the germination was totally inhibited by corosolic acid and maslinic acid at 60 ppm concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Corosolic acid and maslinic acid at 60 ppm totally inhibited canary grass germination.
- Taxon
- canary grassPhalaris aquaticae3
- Treatment
- corosolic acid and maslinic acide3
- Outcome
- germinatione3
- Direction
- totally inhibitede3
- Value
- 60 ppme3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The canary grass seeds were most sensitive to these tested triterpenic acids, the germination was totally inhibited by corosolic acid and maslinic acid at 60 ppm concentration”
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See all 271 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.