Abstract
Four experiments were carried out at Orange, New South Wales, in 1978 to test the effect of coating seeds with insecticides on their removal by seed harvesting ants (Pheidole sp.). Treated or untreated seeds of Phalaris aquatica were placed 10 cm from the entrance to an ant nest and the number of seeds taken by ants noted daily. Further experiments tested the effect of coating seeds with insecticides on the germination of P. aquatica and Medicago sativa and on the viability of rhizobia applied to the seed. Permethrin, at 1.50 and 2.25 g a.i. kg-1 seed and bendiocarb at 0.75, 1.50 and 2.25 g a.i. kg-1 seed significantly reduced the rate of removal of seed by ants when compared with the rate of removal of untreated seed. Ants removed untreated seed at > 150 seedsinest day-1 while treated seed was removed at an average of 5 seedslnest day-1 over a 14 day period. The wettable powder formulation of permethrin was as effective as the miscible oil formulation. The activity of ants from nests that took treated seed was reduced by the higher rates of bendiocarb, but not affected by permethrin and the low rate of bendiocarb when compared with the activity of ants from nests that took untreated seed. The miscible oil formulation of permethrin reduced the rate of germination of P. aquatica, but the wettable powder formulation of both permethrin and bendiocarb had no deleterious effect on germination. Neither permethrin nor bendiocarb had deleterious effects on the survival of Rhizobium meliloti or R. trifolii.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Permethrin at 1.50 and 2.25 g a.i. kg-1 seed significantly reduced the rate at which ants removed seed.
- Taxon
- Phalaris aquatica
Phalaris aquaticae2 - Treatment
- Permethrin, at 1.50 and 2.25 g a.i. kg-1 seede1
- Outcome
- rate of removal of seed by antse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- untreated seede1
PheidoleOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“removal by seed harvesting ants (Pheidole sp.)”
e1“Permethrin, at 1.50 and 2.25 g a.i. kg-1 seed and bendiocarb at 0.75, 1.50 and 2.25 g a.i. kg-1 seed significantly reduced the rate of removal of seed by ants when compared with the rate of removal of untreated seed”
e2“Treated or untreated seeds of Phalaris aquatica were placed 10 cm from the entrance to an ant nest”
Claim · model-written summary
Bendiocarb at 0.75, 1.50 and 2.25 g a.i. kg-1 seed significantly reduced the rate at which ants removed seed.
- Taxon
- Phalaris aquaticaPhalaris aquaticae2
- Treatment
- bendiocarb at 0.75, 1.50 and 2.25 g a.i. kg-1 seede1
- Outcome
- rate of removal of seed by antse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- untreated seede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“removal by seed harvesting ants (Pheidole sp.)”
e1“Permethrin, at 1.50 and 2.25 g a.i. kg-1 seed and bendiocarb at 0.75, 1.50 and 2.25 g a.i. kg-1 seed significantly reduced the rate of removal of seed by ants when compared with the rate of removal of untreated seed”
e2“Treated or untreated seeds of Phalaris aquatica were placed 10 cm from the entrance to an ant nest”
Claim · model-written summary
Ants removed untreated seed at over 150 seeds per nest per day, while treated seed was removed at an average of 5 seeds per nest per day over 14 days.
- Taxon
- Phalaris aquaticaPhalaris aquaticae2
- Treatment
- treated seede3
- Outcome
- removede3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Value
- 5 seedslnest day-1e3
- Comparator
- untreated seede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“removal by seed harvesting ants (Pheidole sp.)”
e3“Ants removed untreated seed at > 150 seedsinest day-1 while treated seed was removed at an average of 5 seedslnest day-1 over a 14 day period”
e2“Treated or untreated seeds of Phalaris aquatica were placed 10 cm from the entrance to an ant nest”
Claim · model-written summary
The wettable powder formulation of permethrin was as effective as the miscible oil formulation.
- Taxon
- Phalaris aquaticaPhalaris aquaticae2
- Treatment
- wettable powder formulation of permethrine4
- Outcome
- effectivee4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- miscible oil formulatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“removal by seed harvesting ants (Pheidole sp.)”
e4“The wettable powder formulation of permethrin was as effective as the miscible oil formulation”
e2“Treated or untreated seeds of Phalaris aquatica were placed 10 cm from the entrance to an ant nest”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher rates of bendiocarb reduced the activity of ants from nests that took treated seed, compared with nests that took untreated seed.
- Taxon
- Phalaris aquaticaPhalaris aquaticae2
- Treatment
- the higher rates of bendiocarbe5
- Outcome
- activity of antse5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Comparator
- ants from nests that took untreated seede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“removal by seed harvesting ants (Pheidole sp.)”
e5“The activity of ants from nests that took treated seed was reduced by the higher rates of bendiocarb, but not affected by permethrin and the low rate of bendiocarb when compared with the activity of ants from nests that took untreated seed”
e2“Treated or untreated seeds of Phalaris aquatica were placed 10 cm from the entrance to an ant nest”
Claim · model-written summary
Permethrin did not affect the activity of ants from nests that took treated seed, compared with nests that took untreated seed.
- Taxon
- Phalaris aquaticaPhalaris aquaticae2
- Treatment
- permethrine5
- Outcome
- activity of antse5
- Direction
- not affectede5
- Comparator
- ants from nests that took untreated seede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“removal by seed harvesting ants (Pheidole sp.)”
e5“The activity of ants from nests that took treated seed was reduced by the higher rates of bendiocarb, but not affected by permethrin and the low rate of bendiocarb when compared with the activity of ants from nests that took untreated seed”
e2“Treated or untreated seeds of Phalaris aquatica were placed 10 cm from the entrance to an ant nest”
Claim · model-written summary
The miscible oil formulation of permethrin reduced the rate of germination of P. aquatica.
- Taxon
- P. aquaticaPhalaris aquaticae6
- Treatment
- miscible oil formulation of permethrine6
- Outcome
- rate of germinatione6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The miscible oil formulation of permethrin reduced the rate of germination of P. aquatica”
Claim · model-written summary
The wettable powder formulations of permethrin and bendiocarb had no deleterious effect on germination.
- Taxon
- Phalaris aquaticaPhalaris aquaticae2
- Treatment
- wettable powder formulation of both permethrin and bendiocarbe7
- Outcome
- germinatione7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Treated or untreated seeds of Phalaris aquatica were placed 10 cm from the entrance to an ant nest”
e7“the wettable powder formulation of both permethrin and bendiocarb had no deleterious effect on germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither permethrin nor bendiocarb had deleterious effects on the survival of Rhizobium meliloti or R. trifolii.
- Taxon
- Phalaris aquaticaPhalaris aquaticae2
- Treatment
- permethrin nor bendiocarbe7
- Interactor
- Rhizobium meliloti
Sinorhizobium melilotie7symbiont - Second interactor
- R. trifolii
Rhizobium leguminosarume7symbiont - Outcome
- survivale7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Treated or untreated seeds of Phalaris aquatica were placed 10 cm from the entrance to an ant nest”
e7“the wettable powder formulation of both permethrin and bendiocarb had no deleterious effect on germination. Neither permethrin nor bendiocarb had deleterious effects on the survival of Rhizobium meliloti or R. trifolii”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · growth · Phalaris aquatica (canary grass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.