Abstract
Optimizing extraction processes is essential to ensuring the quality and efficacy of active ingredients intended for therapeutic and nutraceutical uses. This study aims to analyze the influence of temperature, extraction time, and solvent type on the extraction of compounds with galactogenic potential, in order to identify the most favorable conditions for their valorization. The study focused on three medicinal plants known for their galactogenic properties: Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del. Extracts were obtained by maceration, infusion, and decoction. A qualitative phytochemical analysis, based on precipitation and color tests, revealed different groups of secondary metabolites. The total flavonoid content was determined using the aluminum trichloride (AlCl₃) method, while the total polyphenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Tannin content was determined using the vanillin method. Extraction yields ranged from 5% to 28.33%. Analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, and polyphenols, associated with potential galactogenic activities, as well as anthocyanins, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids, and coumarins. Polyphenol levels ranged from 2.10 to 922.65 mg GAE/g, flavonoid levels from 161.13 to 345.02 mg QE/g, and tannin levels from 140.00 to 443.66 mg CE/g extract. Among the techniques evaluated, maceration proved to be the most effective at concentrating bioactive compounds, although it exhibited a low extraction yield. These results highlight the pharmacological potential of these plant species to support lactation, provided that extraction parameters are rigorously optimized to maximize their bioavailability and efficacy.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Extraction yields across the three medicinal plants ranged from 5% to 28.33%.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.
_-_DPLA_-_55200ec009622d7d42349f3583df310e.jpg?width=60)
Carica papaya
Momordica charantia
Gymnanthemum amygdalinume1 - Outcome
- Extraction yieldse0
- Value
- 5% to 28.33%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_DPLA_-_55200ec009622d7d42349f3583df310e.jpg?width=500)
Schema note from the model: Pooled ranges cannot be assigned to individual species.
Verbatim
e0“Extraction yields ranged from 5% to 28.33%.”
e1“Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaloids, tannins and polyphenols were detected in the medicinal plant extracts.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.Carica papayaMomordica charantiaGymnanthemum amygdalinume1
- Outcome
- alkaloids, tannins, and polyphenolse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: Pooled detections cannot be assigned to individual species.
Verbatim
e0“Analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, and polyphenols, associated with potential galactogenic activities”
e1“Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanins, saponins and triterpenoids were also detected.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.Carica papayaMomordica charantiaGymnanthemum amygdalinume1
- Outcome
- anthocyanins, saponins, triterpenoidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: Pooled detections cannot be assigned to individual species.
Verbatim
e0“as well as anthocyanins, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids, and coumarins”
e1“Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.”
Claim · model-written summary
Steroids and coumarins were detected.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.Carica papayaMomordica charantiaGymnanthemum amygdalinume1
- Outcome
- steroids, and coumarinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: Pooled detections cannot be assigned to individual species.
Verbatim
e0“as well as anthocyanins, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids, and coumarins”
e1“Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphenol levels ranged from 2.10 to 922.65 mg GAE/g.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.Carica papayaMomordica charantiaGymnanthemum amygdalinume1
- Outcome
- Polyphenol levelse0
- Value
- 2.10 to 922.65 mg GAE/ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: Pooled ranges cannot be assigned to individual species.
Verbatim
e0“Polyphenol levels ranged from 2.10 to 922.65 mg GAE/g”
e1“Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoid levels ranged from 161.13 to 345.02 mg QE/g.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.Carica papayaMomordica charantiaGymnanthemum amygdalinume1
- Outcome
- flavonoid levelse0
- Value
- 161.13 to 345.02 mg QE/ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: Pooled ranges cannot be assigned to individual species.
Verbatim
e0“flavonoid levels from 161.13 to 345.02 mg QE/g”
e1“Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tannin levels ranged from 140.00 to 443.66 mg CE/g extract.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.Carica papayaMomordica charantiaGymnanthemum amygdalinume1
- Outcome
- tannin levelse0
- Value
- 140.00 to 443.66 mg CE/g extracte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: Pooled ranges cannot be assigned to individual species.
Verbatim
e0“tannin levels from 140.00 to 443.66 mg CE/g extract”
e1“Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maceration was most effective at concentrating bioactive compounds.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.Carica papayaMomordica charantiaGymnanthemum amygdalinume1
- Treatment
- maceratione0
- Outcome
- concentrating bioactive compoundse0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Comparator
- techniques evaluatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: Comparative result pooled across species.
Verbatim
e0“Among the techniques evaluated, maceration proved to be the most effective at concentrating bioactive compounds, although it exhibited a low extraction yield.”
e1“Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maceration had low extraction yield.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.Carica papayaMomordica charantiaGymnanthemum amygdalinume1
- Treatment
- maceratione0
- Outcome
- extraction yielde0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: Comparative result pooled across species.
Verbatim
e0“Among the techniques evaluated, maceration proved to be the most effective at concentrating bioactive compounds, although it exhibited a low extraction yield.”
e1“Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend rigorous extraction optimization to maximize bioavailability and efficacy for lactation support.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.Carica papayaMomordica charantiaGymnanthemum amygdalinume1
- Outcome
- extraction parameters are rigorously optimizede0
- Qualifier
- to maximize their bioavailability and efficacye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results highlight the pharmacological potential of these plant species to support lactation, provided that extraction parameters are rigorously optimized to maximize their bioavailability and efficacy.”
e1“Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del.”
The same questions in other papers
processing · yield · Carica papaya (papaya)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
processing · quality: phytochemicals · Momordica charantia (bitter gourd)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
processing · quality: phytochemicals · Gymnanthemum amygdalinumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
processing · quality: phytochemicals · Carica papaya (papaya)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.