Abstract
Nano-silica (Si) and nano-zinc (Zn) are increasingly used to mitigate drought stress, yet their combined effects on both plant physiology and essential oil (EO) characteristics in dill ( Anethum graveolens L.) under field conditions remain insufficiently characterized. This study assessed whether nano-Si and nano-Zn improve drought responses and EO composition in dill over two growing seasons (2023–2024). A split-plot design with three replications was employed, with irrigation regime as the main-plot factor and nano-fertilizer treatments as subplots; year was included as a factor in a combined statistical model. Drought stress reduced net photosynthesis (Pn) by 53% and seed yield by 38%, while increasing oxidative stress indicators (MDA, H₂O₂, electrolyte leakage) by 85–120% compared with irrigated plants. Under drought, high-dose nano-Si and nano-Zn treatments increased Pn by 60–70% and seed yield by 32–36% relative to the drought control, alongside 30–40% lower oxidative damage markers and higher proline levels. EO composition also differed among treatments, with several monoterpene and phenylpropanoid constituents showing 20–65% higher relative abundance under drought with nano-fertilizer application. Responses of several traits varied between seasons, reflecting treatment × year interactions rather than confirmed cumulative effects. These results demonstrate that nano-Si and nano-Zn were associated with improved physiological performance and altered EO profiles in dill under the tested conditions. However, mechanistic interpretation is limited to physiological and biochemical indicators, and findings are restricted to one species, location, and set of application rates. Further multi-environment studies and evaluation of environmental safety are needed before broader agronomic application.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced net photosynthesis by 53% versus irrigation.
- Taxon
- dill
Anethum graveolenst0 - Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis (Pn)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 53%e0
- Comparator
- irrigated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress reduced net photosynthesis (Pn) by 53% and seed yield by 38%, while increasing oxidative stress indicators (MDA, H₂O₂, electrolyte leakage) by 85–120% compared with irrigated plants.”
t0“dill”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced seed yield by 38%.
- Taxon
- dillAnethum graveolenst0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 38%e0
- Comparator
- irrigated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress reduced net photosynthesis (Pn) by 53% and seed yield by 38%, while increasing oxidative stress indicators (MDA, H₂O₂, electrolyte leakage) by 85–120% compared with irrigated plants.”
t0“dill”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased oxidative stress indicators by 85–120%.
- Taxon
- dillAnethum graveolenst0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress indicators (MDA, H₂O₂, electrolyte leakage)e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 85–120%e0
- Comparator
- irrigated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress reduced net photosynthesis (Pn) by 53% and seed yield by 38%, while increasing oxidative stress indicators (MDA, H₂O₂, electrolyte leakage) by 85–120% compared with irrigated plants.”
t0“dill”
Claim · model-written summary
High-dose nano-Si and nano-Zn increased Pn by 60–70% under drought.
- Taxon
- dillAnethum graveolenst0
- Treatment
- high-dose nano-Si and nano-Zn treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Pne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 60–70%e0
- Comparator
- drought controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under drought, high-dose nano-Si and nano-Zn treatments increased Pn by 60–70% and seed yield by 32–36% relative to the drought control, alongside 30–40% lower oxidative damage markers and higher proline levels.”
t0“dill”
Claim · model-written summary
High-dose nano-Si and nano-Zn increased seed yield by 32–36% under drought.
- Taxon
- dillAnethum graveolenst0
- Treatment
- high-dose nano-Si and nano-Zn treatmentse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 32–36%e0
- Comparator
- drought controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under drought, high-dose nano-Si and nano-Zn treatments increased Pn by 60–70% and seed yield by 32–36% relative to the drought control, alongside 30–40% lower oxidative damage markers and higher proline levels.”
t0“dill”
Claim · model-written summary
High-dose nano-Si and nano-Zn lowered oxidative damage markers by 30–40% under drought.
- Taxon
- dillAnethum graveolenst0
- Treatment
- high-dose nano-Si and nano-Zn treatmentse0
- Outcome
- oxidative damage markerse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 30–40%e0
- Comparator
- drought controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under drought, high-dose nano-Si and nano-Zn treatments increased Pn by 60–70% and seed yield by 32–36% relative to the drought control, alongside 30–40% lower oxidative damage markers and higher proline levels.”
t0“dill”
Claim · model-written summary
High-dose nano-Si and nano-Zn raised proline levels under drought.
- Taxon
- dillAnethum graveolenst0
- Treatment
- high-dose nano-Si and nano-Zn treatmentse0
- Outcome
- proline levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- drought controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under drought, high-dose nano-Si and nano-Zn treatments increased Pn by 60–70% and seed yield by 32–36% relative to the drought control, alongside 30–40% lower oxidative damage markers and higher proline levels.”
t0“dill”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-fertilizer under drought raised relative abundance of several oil constituents by 20–65%.
- Taxon
- dillAnethum graveolenst0
- Treatment
- nano-fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- relative abundancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 20–65%e0
- Qualifier
- under droughte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“several monoterpene and phenylpropanoid constituents showing 20–65% higher relative abundance under drought with nano-fertilizer application”
t0“dill”
Claim · model-written summary
Several traits varied between seasons with treatment by year interactions.
- Taxon
- dillAnethum graveolenst0
- Outcome
- Responses of several traits varied between seasonse0
- Qualifier
- treatment × year interactionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Responses of several traits varied between seasons, reflecting treatment × year interactions rather than confirmed cumulative effects.”
t0“dill”
The same questions in other papers
drought · yield · Anethum graveolens (dill)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
nanoparticle · yield · Anethum graveolens (dill)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.