Abstract
Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a vital crop whose yield and quality depend on nutrient management. This study examined foliar applications of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) and magnesium oxide (MgO) (0.5 and 1.0%) on the “Roma” cultivar under a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications in controlled conditions. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in SPSS and R, with mean separation by Tukey's HSD test ( p ≤ 0.05). Pearson's correlations evaluated nutrients and fruit quality relationships. The 1.0% CaCl 2 treatment significantly increased fruit set (71.2%), yield (1.80 kg plant −1 ), firmness (5.47 N), and total soluble solids (5.32°Brix), while reducing weight loss (9.32%). Conversely, 1.0% MgO produced the most flower clusters (5.29 plant −1 ) and enhanced nutrient uptake. Heatmap analysis indicated strong positive correlations of calcium with fruit firmness ( r = 0.92) and ascorbic acid ( r = 0.88) and negative correlations with titratable acidity ( r = −0.70) and fruit weight ( r = −0.65). Magnesium correlated positively with ascorbic acid ( r = 0.76) and enhanced macronutrient uptake ( p ≤ 0.05). The findings show calcium strengthens cell walls and fruit firmness, while magnesium boosts photosynthesis and nutrient balance. Integrated foliar nutrition is recommended to improve tomato yield and quality under controlled conditions.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
1.0% CaCl 2 significantly increased tomato fruit set to 71.2%.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- 1.0% CaCl 2e0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 71.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 1.0% CaCl 2 treatment significantly increased fruit set (71.2%), yield (1.80 kg plant −1 ), firmness (5.47 N), and total soluble solids (5.32°Brix)”
e1“Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
1.0% CaCl 2 significantly increased yield to 1.80 kg per plant.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 1.0% CaCl 2e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.80 kg plant −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 1.0% CaCl 2 treatment significantly increased fruit set (71.2%), yield (1.80 kg plant −1 ), firmness (5.47 N), and total soluble solids (5.32°Brix)”
e1“Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
1.0% CaCl 2 significantly increased firmness to 5.47 N.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 1.0% CaCl 2e0
- Outcome
- firmnesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.47 Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 1.0% CaCl 2 treatment significantly increased fruit set (71.2%), yield (1.80 kg plant −1 ), firmness (5.47 N), and total soluble solids (5.32°Brix)”
e1“Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
1.0% CaCl 2 significantly increased total soluble solids to 5.32°Brix.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 1.0% CaCl 2e0
- Outcome
- total soluble solidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.32°Brixe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 1.0% CaCl 2 treatment significantly increased fruit set (71.2%), yield (1.80 kg plant −1 ), firmness (5.47 N), and total soluble solids (5.32°Brix)”
e1“Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
1.0% CaCl 2 reduced weight loss to 9.32%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- 1.0% CaCl 2e1
- Outcome
- weight losse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 9.32%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while reducing weight loss (9.32%)”
e1“The 1.0% CaCl 2 treatment”
e2“Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
1.0% MgO produced the most flower clusters, 5.29 per plant.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 1.0% MgOe0
- Outcome
- flower clusterse0
- Direction
- moste0
- Value
- 5.29 plant −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1.0% MgO produced the most flower clusters (5.29 plant −1 )”
e1“Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
1.0% MgO enhanced nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 1.0% MgOe0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1.0% MgO produced the most flower clusters (5.29 plant −1 ) and enhanced nutrient uptake”
e1“Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium correlated positively with firmness, r = 0.92.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Compound
- calciume0
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- positive correlationse0
- Value
- r = 0.92e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positive correlations of calcium with fruit firmness ( r = 0.92) and ascorbic acid ( r = 0.88)”
e1“Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium correlated positively with ascorbic acid, r = 0.88.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Compound
- calciume0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acide0
- Direction
- positive correlationse0
- Value
- r = 0.88e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positive correlations of calcium with fruit firmness ( r = 0.92) and ascorbic acid ( r = 0.88)”
e1“Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium correlated negatively with titratable acidity, r = −0.70.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Compound
- calciume1
- Outcome
- titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- negative correlationse0
- Value
- r = −0.70e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negative correlations with titratable acidity ( r = −0.70) and fruit weight ( r = −0.65)”
e1“correlations of calcium with fruit firmness”
e2“Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium correlated negatively with fruit weight, r = −0.65.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Compound
- calciume1
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- negative correlationse0
- Value
- r = −0.65e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negative correlations with titratable acidity ( r = −0.70) and fruit weight ( r = −0.65)”
e1“correlations of calcium with fruit firmness”
e2“Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium correlated positively with ascorbic acid, r = 0.76.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Compound
- Magnesiume0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acide0
- Direction
- positivelye0
- Value
- r = 0.76e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnesium correlated positively with ascorbic acid ( r = 0.76)”
e1“Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium enhanced macronutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Compound
- Magnesiume0
- Outcome
- macronutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnesium correlated positively with ascorbic acid ( r = 0.76) and enhanced macronutrient uptake ( p ≤ 0.05)”
e1“Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpreted calcium as strengthening cell walls and fruit firmness.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Compound
- calciume0
- Outcome
- cell walls and fruit firmnesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“calcium strengthens cell walls and fruit firmness”
e1“Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpreted magnesium as boosting photosynthesis and nutrient balance.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Compound
- magnesiume0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis and nutrient balancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“magnesium boosts photosynthesis and nutrient balance”
e1“Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended integrated foliar nutrition for tomato yield and quality under controlled conditions.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- Integrated foliar nutrition is recommended to improve tomato yield and quality under controlled conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrated foliar nutrition is recommended to improve tomato yield and quality under controlled conditions”
The same questions in other papers
magnesium oxide · nutrient: content · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
calcium dichloride · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
calcium dichloride · quality: sugar starch · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
calcium dichloride · quality: postharvest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.