Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of preharvest sprays of chemicals and evaporative cooling (ZECC) on the postharvest physico-chemical quality and shelf life of tomatoes. The experiment was conducted using a combination of ten preharvest sprays of chemicals (chitosan (0.1%), chitosan (0.3%), chitosan (0.5%), salicylic acid (SA) (0.015%), SA (0.03%), SA (0.045%), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) (1%), CaCl 2 (3%), CaCl 2 (5%) and control) and two storage conditions (ambient environment storage and ZECC). The design of the experiment was completely randomized design with three replications. Data were collected from tomato samples ( Solanum lycopersicum L . cv. ARP tomato D2) on four days interval. The result showed that all physico-chemical quality indicators were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected by both preharvest sprays and storage conditions. CaCl 2 (5%) sprays extended the shelf life of tomato by 6 days in ZECC and 11 days in ambient storage compared to the control. The highest concentration of CaCl 2 and SA sprays minimized PLW and maintained fruit marketability compared to the control. The firmness of tomatoes was better retained with the sprays of SA (0.045%) in both storage conditions. CaCl 2 (5%), SA (0.045%) and chitosan (0.5%) sprays retained the titratable acidity by 42.86%, 47.62% and 33.33%, respectively compared to the control inside ZECC storage. At the end of storage period, the highest TSS was observed on tomatoes sprayed with SA (0.03%) followed by chitosan (0.1%) and chitosan (0.3%) . The lycopene contents were lower with sprays of SA (0.045%), SA (0.03%), CaCl 2 (3%), CaCl 2 (5%) and chitosan (0.1%) stored inside ZECC indicating the effectiveness of preharvest sprays in delaying lycopene accumulation. Moreover, the AA contents of tomatoes sprayed with CaCl 2 (5%), SA (0.045%) and chitosan (0.1%) were higher by 34.10%, 38.19% and 23.84%, respectively compared to the control. The result indicated that combining preharvest chemical sprays and ZECC storage is important to maintain the physico-chemical quality and shelf life of tomatoes.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest sprays and storage conditions significantly affected all measured tomato quality indicators.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- preharvest sprays and storage conditionse0
- Outcome
- physico-chemical quality indicatorse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all physico-chemical quality indicators were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected by both preharvest sprays and storage conditions.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride 5% extended tomato shelf life by six days in ZECC relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- CaCl 2 (5%) sprayse0
- Outcome
- shelf lifee0
- Direction
- extendede0
- Value
- 6 dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- ZECCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaCl 2 (5%) sprays extended the shelf life of tomato by 6 days in ZECC and 11 days in ambient storage compared to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride 5% extended tomato shelf life by 11 days in ambient storage relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- CaCl 2 (5%) sprayse0
- Outcome
- shelf lifee0
- Direction
- extendede0
- Value
- 11 dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- ambient storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaCl 2 (5%) sprays extended the shelf life of tomato by 6 days in ZECC and 11 days in ambient storage compared to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest calcium chloride concentration minimized tomato physiological weight loss versus control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- highest concentration of CaCl 2e0
- Outcome
- PLWe0
- Direction
- minimizede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest concentration of CaCl 2 and SA sprays minimized PLW and maintained fruit marketability compared to the control.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest salicylic acid concentration minimized tomato physiological weight loss versus control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SA sprayse0
- Outcome
- PLWe0
- Direction
- minimizede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest concentration of CaCl 2 and SA sprays minimized PLW and maintained fruit marketability compared to the control.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest calcium chloride concentration maintained fruit marketability versus control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- highest concentration of CaCl 2e0
- Outcome
- fruit marketabilitye0
- Direction
- maintainede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest concentration of CaCl 2 and SA sprays minimized PLW and maintained fruit marketability compared to the control.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest salicylic acid concentration maintained fruit marketability versus control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SA sprayse0
- Outcome
- fruit marketabilitye0
- Direction
- maintainede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest concentration of CaCl 2 and SA sprays minimized PLW and maintained fruit marketability compared to the control.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
SA 0.045% best retained tomato firmness under both storage conditions.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SA (0.045%)e0
- Outcome
- firmnesse0
- Direction
- better retainede0
- Qualifier
- both storage conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The firmness of tomatoes was better retained with the sprays of SA (0.045%) in both storage conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride 5% retained titratable acidity by 42.86% in ZECC versus control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CaCl 2 (5%)e0
- Outcome
- titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- retainede0
- Value
- 42.86%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- ZECC storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaCl 2 (5%), SA (0.045%) and chitosan (0.5%) sprays retained the titratable acidity by 42.86%, 47.62% and 33.33%, respectively compared to the control inside ZECC storage.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
SA 0.045% retained titratable acidity by 47.62% in ZECC versus control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SA (0.045%)e0
- Outcome
- titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- retainede0
- Value
- 47.62%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- ZECC storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaCl 2 (5%), SA (0.045%) and chitosan (0.5%) sprays retained the titratable acidity by 42.86%, 47.62% and 33.33%, respectively compared to the control inside ZECC storage.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan 0.5% retained titratable acidity by 33.33% in ZECC versus control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chitosan (0.5%) sprayse0
- Outcome
- titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- retainede0
- Value
- 33.33%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- ZECC storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaCl 2 (5%), SA (0.045%) and chitosan (0.5%) sprays retained the titratable acidity by 42.86%, 47.62% and 33.33%, respectively compared to the control inside ZECC storage.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
SA 0.03% produced the highest TSS at the end of storage.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SA (0.03%)e0
- Outcome
- TSSe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the end of storage period, the highest TSS was observed on tomatoes sprayed with SA (0.03%) followed by chitosan (0.1%) and chitosan (0.3%) .”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan 0.1% ranked below SA 0.03% for end-of-storage TSS.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- chitosan (0.1%)e0
- Outcome
- TSSe0
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Comparator
- SA (0.03%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the end of storage period, the highest TSS was observed on tomatoes sprayed with SA (0.03%) followed by chitosan (0.1%) and chitosan (0.3%) .”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan 0.3% ranked after chitosan 0.1% for end-of-storage TSS.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- chitosan (0.3%)e0
- Outcome
- TSSe0
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Comparator
- chitosan (0.1%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the end of storage period, the highest TSS was observed on tomatoes sprayed with SA (0.03%) followed by chitosan (0.1%) and chitosan (0.3%) .”
Claim · model-written summary
SA 0.045% resulted in lower lycopene content in ZECC.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SA (0.045%)e0
- Outcome
- lycopene contentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Setting
- ZECCe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lycopene contents were lower with sprays of SA (0.045%), SA (0.03%), CaCl 2 (3%), CaCl 2 (5%) and chitosan (0.1%) stored inside ZECC indicating the effectiveness of preharvest sprays in delaying lycopene accumulation.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
SA 0.03% resulted in lower lycopene content in ZECC.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SA (0.03%)e0
- Outcome
- lycopene contentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Setting
- ZECCe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lycopene contents were lower with sprays of SA (0.045%), SA (0.03%), CaCl 2 (3%), CaCl 2 (5%) and chitosan (0.1%) stored inside ZECC indicating the effectiveness of preharvest sprays in delaying lycopene accumulation.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride 3% resulted in lower lycopene content in ZECC.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CaCl 2 (3%)e0
- Outcome
- lycopene contentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Setting
- ZECCe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lycopene contents were lower with sprays of SA (0.045%), SA (0.03%), CaCl 2 (3%), CaCl 2 (5%) and chitosan (0.1%) stored inside ZECC indicating the effectiveness of preharvest sprays in delaying lycopene accumulation.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride 5% resulted in lower lycopene content in ZECC.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CaCl 2 (5%)e0
- Outcome
- lycopene contentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Setting
- ZECCe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lycopene contents were lower with sprays of SA (0.045%), SA (0.03%), CaCl 2 (3%), CaCl 2 (5%) and chitosan (0.1%) stored inside ZECC indicating the effectiveness of preharvest sprays in delaying lycopene accumulation.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan 0.1% resulted in lower lycopene content in ZECC.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chitosan (0.1%)e0
- Outcome
- lycopene contentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Setting
- ZECCe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lycopene contents were lower with sprays of SA (0.045%), SA (0.03%), CaCl 2 (3%), CaCl 2 (5%) and chitosan (0.1%) stored inside ZECC indicating the effectiveness of preharvest sprays in delaying lycopene accumulation.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride 5%, SA 0.045%, and chitosan 0.1% increased tomato AA content by 34.10%, 38.19%, and 23.84%, respectively, versus control.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- CaCl 2 (5%)e0
- Outcome
- AA contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 34.10%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the AA contents of tomatoes sprayed with CaCl 2 (5%), SA (0.045%) and chitosan (0.1%) were higher by 34.10%, 38.19% and 23.84%, respectively compared to the control.”
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See all 12 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.