Abstract
Sorghum is characterized by high adaptability to abiotic stress; however, its early growth and morphological development may be influenced by herbicide application, even in tolerant hybrids. The present study aimed to evaluate the growth dynamics and morphological response of the imazamox-tolerant sorghum hybrid Sentinel IG to increasing doses of the herbicide Pulsar 40 (imazamox). A three-year field experiment was conducted under rainfed conditions in South Central Bulgaria during the period 2023–2025. Plant height was measured at key phenological stages (4–5 leaf stage, before heading, and at final maturity) to assess the impact of herbicide dose and environmental variability on crop growth. The results demonstrated a consistent dose-dependent reduction in plant height, particularly at the pre-heading and final growth stages. The highest herbicide dose (480 ml da⁻¹) resulted in persistent growth suppression across all experimental years. Interannual differences were observed, reflecting the influence of climatic conditions on growth expression. The study confirms that excessive herbicide doses negatively affect sorghum growth dynamics, even in tolerant hybrids, highlighting the importance of dose optimization for sustainable crop management.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing herbicide dose consistently reduced sorghum height, especially before heading and at maturity.
- Treatment
- increasing doses of the herbicide Pulsar 40 (imazamox)e1
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- particularly at the pre-heading and final growth stagese0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“consistent dose-dependent reduction in plant height, particularly at the pre-heading and final growth stages”
e1“increasing doses of the herbicide Pulsar 40 (imazamox)”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest herbicide dose suppressed growth across all three experimental years.
- Treatment
- 480 ml da⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- growth suppressione0
- Direction
- suppressione0
- Qualifier
- across all experimental yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“The highest herbicide dose (480 ml da⁻¹) resulted in persistent growth suppression across all experimental years”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth differed between years, reflecting climatic conditions.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Interannual differences were observed, reflecting the influence of climatic conditions on growth expression”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors highlight herbicide dose optimization for sustainable sorghum management.
- Outcome
- dose optimization for sustainable crop managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“highlighting the importance of dose optimization for sustainable crop management”
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