Abstract
Lodging is the main constraint causing corn (Zea mays L.) yield losses by reduces nutrient uptake and limited photosynthesis. A variety of tillage management measures combined with plant growth regulators can effectively coordinate the relationship between root lodging and corn yield, considerably reduce corn lodging, and increase corn yield. The aims of this study was to explore the effects of plant growth regulators combined with tillage management practices on lodging characteristics, stem thickness, mechanical strength, root growth, and maize yield. Therefore, a field study during 2021–2022 study years, with three tillage managements practices of D: (rotary tillage), R: (conventional tillage) and B: (minimum tillage), and applied two novel plant growth regulator Y: (Yuhuangjin, 27% ethephon and 3% DTA-6), Jindele: with active ingredients of ethephon and cycocel (w/w = 3:1) and CK: water spraying with conventional tillage. The results showed that Jindele + Yuhuangjin spraying with rotary tillage considerably decreased lodging percentage, enhanced root dry weight and its distribution, stalk microstructure, lignin content, morphological trait of brace root, nutrient concentrations and endogenous hormones of root bleeding sap and maize production. Under the EYD treatment considerably improved root growth, lignin content and stem mechanical strength, while considerably reducing lodging percentage. Furthermore, NH4+ and NO3- under EYD treatment were considerably higher than that of treatments. Under EYD and EYR, the K, Fe, P, Zn, Mg, and Ca delivery rates were significantly maximum. The EYD treatment enhanced the root angle, diameter, dry weight, and volume of taproots. The Ć, cm, and Wmax of TRDW, ARD, and TRL were considerably greater under EYD and EYR treatments. The increase in RDWD, RLD, and ARD under EYD treatment helps root system development and improves the water and nutrients uptake, thereby yield increase 52.8% comparison to control group. Therefore, EYD agricultural practice is effective in improving the rhizosphere in semi-arid areas. There is huge potential in terms of environment, root growth, and production.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Jindele and Yuhuangjin with rotary tillage decreased lodging.
- Treatment
- Jindele + Yuhuangjin spraying with rotary tillagee0
- Outcome
- lodging percentagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Jindele + Yuhuangjin spraying with rotary tillage considerably decreased lodging percentage, enhanced root dry weight and its distribution, stalk microstructure, lignin content, morphological trait of brace root, nutrient concentrations and endogenous hormones of root bleeding sap and maize production.”
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined spraying with rotary tillage enhanced root dry weight and distribution.
- Treatment
- Jindele + Yuhuangjin spraying with rotary tillagee0
- Outcome
- root dry weight and its distributione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Jindele + Yuhuangjin spraying with rotary tillage considerably decreased lodging percentage, enhanced root dry weight and its distribution, stalk microstructure, lignin content, morphological trait of brace root, nutrient concentrations and endogenous hormones of root bleeding sap and maize production.”
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined spraying with rotary tillage enhanced stalk microstructure and brace root morphology.
- Treatment
- Jindele + Yuhuangjin spraying with rotary tillagee0
- Outcome
- stalk microstructure, lignin content, morphological trait of brace roote0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Jindele + Yuhuangjin spraying with rotary tillage considerably decreased lodging percentage, enhanced root dry weight and its distribution, stalk microstructure, lignin content, morphological trait of brace root, nutrient concentrations and endogenous hormones of root bleeding sap and maize production.”
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined spraying with rotary tillage enhanced nutrient and hormone concentrations in root bleeding sap.
- Treatment
- Jindele + Yuhuangjin spraying with rotary tillagee0
- Outcome
- nutrient concentrations and endogenous hormones of root bleeding sape0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Jindele + Yuhuangjin spraying with rotary tillage considerably decreased lodging percentage, enhanced root dry weight and its distribution, stalk microstructure, lignin content, morphological trait of brace root, nutrient concentrations and endogenous hormones of root bleeding sap and maize production.”
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined spraying with rotary tillage enhanced maize production.
- Treatment
- Jindele + Yuhuangjin spraying with rotary tillagee0
- Outcome
- maize productione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Jindele + Yuhuangjin spraying with rotary tillage considerably decreased lodging percentage, enhanced root dry weight and its distribution, stalk microstructure, lignin content, morphological trait of brace root, nutrient concentrations and endogenous hormones of root bleeding sap and maize production.”
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
EYD improved root growth, lignin content and stem strength.
- Treatment
- EYD treatmente0
- Outcome
- root growth, lignin content and stem mechanical strengthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the EYD treatment considerably improved root growth, lignin content and stem mechanical strength, while considerably reducing lodging percentage.”
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
EYD reduced lodging percentage.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the EYD treatment considerably improved root growth, lignin content and stem mechanical strength, while considerably reducing lodging percentage.”
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium and nitrate were higher under EYD.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NH4+ and NO3- under EYD treatment were considerably higher than that of treatments.”
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
K, Fe and P delivery rates were maximum under EYD and EYR.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under EYD and EYR, the K, Fe, P, Zn, Mg, and Ca delivery rates were significantly maximum.”
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn, Mg and Ca delivery rates were maximum under EYD and EYR.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under EYD and EYR, the K, Fe, P, Zn, Mg, and Ca delivery rates were significantly maximum.”
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
EYD enhanced taproot angle, diameter and volume.
- Treatment
- EYD treatmente0
- Outcome
- root angle, diameter, dry weight, and volume of taprootse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The EYD treatment enhanced the root angle, diameter, dry weight, and volume of taproots.”
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
TRDW, ARD and TRL parameters were greater under EYD and EYR.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ć, cm, and Wmax of TRDW, ARD, and TRL were considerably greater under EYD and EYR treatments.”
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
EYD increased yield by 52.8% over the control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in RDWD, RLD, and ARD under EYD treatment helps root system development and improves the water and nutrients uptake, thereby yield increase 52.8% comparison to control group.”
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
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