Abstract
Toxic metabolites of Alternaria spp. are considered as “emerging mycotoxins” and have not been yet regulated by legislation in many countries. Alternaria species can grow and produce these mycotoxins in various products including fruits and fruit juices. In the present study, UV-C treatment (3971.09 J m −2 , 1–8 h) was used for the first time to degrade Alternaria toxins [tenuazonic acid (TeA), alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME)] in apple juice. The effect of the treatment on quality characteristics of apple juice was also evaluated. UV-C treatment was very effective in degrading toxins. AME was the most affected toxin (decreased by half) after a treatment for 1 h. Degradation rates of 90.52, 77.01 and 75.92% were observed in the levels of TeA, AOH and AME, respectively, at the end of treatment for 8 h. Soluble solid content, pH and titratable acidity values did not change significantly after UV-C treatment, however turbidity values increased by 92% at the end of treatment. One of the major effects of UV-C treatment was on the color of the apple juice. Transmittance value at 440 nm increased while a * and b * values decreased significantly ( p < 0.05) which shows that UV-C had a deleterious effect on color pigments of the juice. Significant decreases were observed also in phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the UV-C treated juice. These results demonstrate that UV-C is quite effective in degrading Alternaria toxins in apple juice but has detrimental effects on some quality characteristics, especially for prolonged treatment periods.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C reduced AME by half after one hour.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- UV-C treatmente1
- Outcome
- AMEe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- halfe0
- Qualifier
- 1 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AME was the most affected toxin (decreased by half) after a treatment for 1 h”
e1“UV-C treatment was very effective in degrading toxins”
t0“apple juice”
Claim · model-written summary
After eight hours UV-C reduced TeA by 90.52%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- UV-C treatmente1
- Outcome
- levels of TeAe0
- Direction
- Degradatione0
- Value
- 90.52e0
- Qualifier
- 8 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Degradation rates of 90.52, 77.01 and 75.92% were observed in the levels of TeA, AOH and AME, respectively, at the end of treatment for 8 h”
e1“UV-C treatment was very effective in degrading toxins”
t0“apple juice”
Claim · model-written summary
After eight hours UV-C reduced AOH by 77.01%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- UV-C treatmente1
- Outcome
- AOHe0
- Direction
- Degradatione0
- Value
- 77.01e0
- Qualifier
- 8 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Degradation rates of 90.52, 77.01 and 75.92% were observed in the levels of TeA, AOH and AME, respectively, at the end of treatment for 8 h”
e1“UV-C treatment was very effective in degrading toxins”
t0“apple juice”
Claim · model-written summary
After eight hours UV-C reduced AME by 75.92%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- UV-C treatmente1
- Outcome
- AMEe0
- Direction
- Degradatione0
- Value
- 75.92%e0
- Qualifier
- 8 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Degradation rates of 90.52, 77.01 and 75.92% were observed in the levels of TeA, AOH and AME, respectively, at the end of treatment for 8 h”
e1“UV-C treatment was very effective in degrading toxins”
t0“apple juice”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C did not significantly change soluble solids, pH or titratable acidity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- UV-C treatmente0
- Outcome
- Soluble solid content, pH and titratable acidity valuese0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soluble solid content, pH and titratable acidity values did not change significantly after UV-C treatment”
t0“apple juice”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C increased turbidity by 92% at treatment end.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- UV-C treatmente1
- Outcome
- turbidity valuese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 92%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“turbidity values increased by 92% at the end of treatment”
e1“UV-C treatment was very effective in degrading toxins”
t0“apple juice”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C increased transmittance at 440 nm.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- UV-C treatmente1
- Outcome
- Transmittance value at 440 nme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transmittance value at 440 nm increased”
e1“UV-C treatment was very effective in degrading toxins”
t0“apple juice”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C significantly decreased a* and b* color values.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- UV-C treatmente1
- Outcome
- a * and b * valuese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a * and b * values decreased significantly ( p < 0.05)”
e1“UV-C treatment was very effective in degrading toxins”
t0“apple juice”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C significantly decreased phenolic content and antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- UV-Ce0
- Outcome
- phenolic content and antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant decreases were observed also in phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the UV-C treated juice”
t0“apple juice”
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