Abstract
ABSTRACT Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseed crop worldwide and threatened by salt stress due to climate change. The current study was devised to examine the impact of melatonin and salicylic acid (water soaked, 100 μM melatonin, 100 μM salicylic acid and 100 μM melatonin + salicylic acid) on growth and physiological traits of two sunflower hybrids, that is, AGUARA‐4 and ORISUN‐741 under three different salt levels (control, 75 and 150 mM NaCl). A pot experiment was carried out twice (two consecutive years) to check the combined effect of melatonin and salicylic acid on two sunflower hybrids. Melatonin and salicylic acid were applied as pre‐sowing seed treatment on sunflower hybrid seeds. Results showed that electrolyte leakage (%) was increased in salt stress (150 mM NaCl) by 169.4% (AGUARA‐4) and 194.8% (ORISUN‐741) in both hybrids. In comparison with control, the combination of melatonin and salicylic acid improved the morphological attributes root and shoot fresh weight (45.2% and 41.9%) in AGUARA‐4, whereas 81.5% and 46.1% in ORISUN‐741 reduced the reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content (35% and 27.2%) in AGUARA‐4 and 33.8% and 25.1% in ORISUN‐741 under salinity stress (150 mM NaCl). In conclusion, under salinity stress, ORISUN‐74 showed a notable reduction in morphological attributes and enhancement in reactive oxygen species compared to AGUARA‐4, whereas the combination of melatonin and salicylic acid improved the growth by decreasing reactive oxygen species and increasing the anti‐oxidants. These results collectively suggested that the melatonin and salicylic acid, particularly their combination, were more effective in enhancing crop growth and production under saline conditions.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased electrolyte leakage by 169.4% in hybrid AGUARA-4.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuuse0 - Material
- AGUARA‐4e1
- Treatment
- salt stress (150 mM NaCl)e1
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage (%)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 169.4%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“electrolyte leakage (%) was increased in salt stress (150 mM NaCl) by 169.4% (AGUARA‐4) and 194.8% (ORISUN‐741) in both hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased electrolyte leakage by 194.8% in hybrid ORISUN-741.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- ORISUN‐741e1
- Treatment
- salt stress (150 mM NaCl)e1
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage (%)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 194.8%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“electrolyte leakage (%) was increased in salt stress (150 mM NaCl) by 169.4% (AGUARA‐4) and 194.8% (ORISUN‐741) in both hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin and salicylic acid combined improved root fresh weight by 45.2% in AGUARA-4 compared with control.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- AGUARA‐4e2
- Organ / stage
- roote2
- Treatment
- the combination of melatonin and salicylic acide2
- Outcome
- fresh weighte2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 45.2%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
e2“In comparison with control, the combination of melatonin and salicylic acid improved the morphological attributes root and shoot fresh weight (45.2% and 41.9%) in AGUARA‐4”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin and salicylic acid combined improved shoot fresh weight by 41.9% in AGUARA-4 compared with control.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- AGUARA‐4e2
- Organ / stage
- shoote2
- Treatment
- the combination of melatonin and salicylic acide2
- Outcome
- fresh weighte2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 41.9%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
e2“In comparison with control, the combination of melatonin and salicylic acid improved the morphological attributes root and shoot fresh weight (45.2% and 41.9%) in AGUARA‐4”
Claim · model-written summary
Reactive oxygen species in ORISUN-741 were reduced by 81.5% and 46.1%, as written in the abstract.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- ORISUN‐741e3
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen speciese3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 81.5% and 46.1%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
e3“81.5% and 46.1% in ORISUN‐741 reduced the reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content (35% and 27.2%) in AGUARA‐4”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide in AGUARA-4 was reduced by 35%.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- AGUARA‐4e3
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxidee3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 35%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
e3“81.5% and 46.1% in ORISUN‐741 reduced the reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content (35% and 27.2%) in AGUARA‐4”
Claim · model-written summary
Malondialdehyde content in AGUARA-4 was reduced by 27.2%.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- AGUARA‐4e3
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde contente3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 27.2%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
e3“81.5% and 46.1% in ORISUN‐741 reduced the reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content (35% and 27.2%) in AGUARA‐4”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide in ORISUN-741 was reduced by 33.8%.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- ORISUN‐741e3
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxidee3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 33.8%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
e3“81.5% and 46.1% in ORISUN‐741 reduced the reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content (35% and 27.2%) in AGUARA‐4”
e5“and 33.8% and 25.1% in ORISUN‐741”
Claim · model-written summary
Malondialdehyde content in ORISUN-741 was reduced by 25.1%.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- ORISUN‐741e3
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde contente3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 25.1%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
e3“81.5% and 46.1% in ORISUN‐741 reduced the reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content (35% and 27.2%) in AGUARA‐4”
e5“and 33.8% and 25.1% in ORISUN‐741”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity stress, ORISUN-74 showed a notable reduction in morphological attributes compared with AGUARA-4.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- ORISUN‐74e6
- Treatment
- salinity stresse6
- Outcome
- morphological attributese6
- Direction
- reductione6
- Comparator
- AGUARA‐4e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
e6“under salinity stress, ORISUN‐74 showed a notable reduction in morphological attributes and enhancement in reactive oxygen species compared to AGUARA‐4”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity stress, ORISUN-74 showed enhanced reactive oxygen species compared with AGUARA-4.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- ORISUN‐74e6
- Treatment
- salinity stresse6
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen speciese6
- Direction
- enhancemente6
- Comparator
- AGUARA‐4e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
e6“under salinity stress, ORISUN‐74 showed a notable reduction in morphological attributes and enhancement in reactive oxygen species compared to AGUARA‐4”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin and salicylic acid combined improve plant growth under salinity by decreasing reactive oxygen species.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- the combination of melatonin and salicylic acide7
- Outcome
- growthe7
- Qualifier
- decreasing reactive oxygen speciese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
e7“the combination of melatonin and salicylic acid improved the growth by decreasing reactive oxygen species”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin and salicylic acid, particularly in combination, were more effective in enhancing crop growth and production under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- melatonin and salicylic acide1
- Outcome
- crop growth and productione1
- Direction
- more effectivee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“the melatonin and salicylic acid, particularly their combination, were more effective in enhancing crop growth and production under saline conditions”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
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- no effect
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sodium chloride · physiology: oxidative · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
salicylic acid · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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See all 12 papers →salinity · physiology: oxidative · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.