Abstract
Plant dry matter accumulation rate (DMAR), relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage percentage (ELP), chlorophyll content, osmotic adjustment ability (OAA), and osmotica accumulation in leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings under different levels of dehydration and salinity stress induced by iso-osmotic PEG (polyethylene glycol) or sodium chloride (NaCl) were evaluated. Plants were subjected to four stress treatments for 10 days: −0.44 MPa PEG6000, −0.44 MPa NaCl, −0.88 MPa PEG6000, −0.88 MPa NaCl. Results showed that PEG and NaCl treatments decreased the plant's DMAR and RWC, and NaCl treatments had more severe inhibitory effect on the plants than PEG treatments. Leaf ELP in sunflower seedlings increased after NaCl and PEG treatments. However, leaf ELP under salt stress was higher than that under dehydration stress (PEG treatment). All stress treatments increased OAA in plant leaves. Leaf OAA was enhanced significantly as PEG concentration increases, while leaf OAA was less enhanced at higher concentration of NaCl. OAA of sunflower leaves under dehydration stress was due to an increase in potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), amino acid, organic acid, magnesium (Mg2+), and proline content. OAA of sunflower leaves under moderate salt stress was owing to an increase in K+, chlorine (Cl−), amino acid, organic acid, sodium (Na+), and proline content, and was mainly due to an accumulation of K+, Cl−, Na+, and proline under severe salt stress.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
PEG decreased sunflower dry matter accumulation and relative water content.
- Taxon
- SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGS
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- PEGe0
- Outcome
- DMAR and RWCe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that PEG and NaCl treatments decreased the plant's DMAR and RWC, and NaCl treatments had more severe inhibitory effect on the plants than PEG treatments.”
t0“SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl decreased sunflower dry matter accumulation and relative water content.
- Taxon
- SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGSHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- DMAR and RWCe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that PEG and NaCl treatments decreased the plant's DMAR and RWC, and NaCl treatments had more severe inhibitory effect on the plants than PEG treatments.”
t0“SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl inhibited sunflower plants more severely than PEG.
- Taxon
- SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGSHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmentse0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte0
- Direction
- more severee0
- Comparator
- PEG treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that PEG and NaCl treatments decreased the plant's DMAR and RWC, and NaCl treatments had more severe inhibitory effect on the plants than PEG treatments.”
t0“SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased sunflower leaf electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- sunflower seedlingsHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- Leaf ELPe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf ELP in sunflower seedlings increased after NaCl and PEG treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG increased sunflower leaf electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- sunflower seedlingsHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- PEGe0
- Outcome
- Leaf ELPe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf ELP in sunflower seedlings increased after NaCl and PEG treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower leaf electrolyte leakage was higher under salt stress than dehydration stress.
- Taxon
- SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGSHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf ELPe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- dehydration stress (PEG treatment)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf ELP under salt stress was higher than that under dehydration stress (PEG treatment).”
t0“SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress treatments increased sunflower leaf osmotic adjustment ability.
- Taxon
- SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGSHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- All stress treatmentse0
- Outcome
- OAAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All stress treatments increased OAA in plant leaves.”
t0“SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower leaf osmotic adjustment increased significantly with PEG concentration.
- Taxon
- SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGSHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- PEG concentratione0
- Outcome
- Leaf OAAe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf OAA was enhanced significantly as PEG concentration increases, while leaf OAA was less enhanced at higher concentration of NaCl.”
t0“SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher NaCl concentration, sunflower leaf osmotic adjustment was enhanced less.
- Taxon
- SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGSHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- higher concentration of NaCle0
- Outcome
- leaf OAAe0
- Direction
- less enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf OAA was enhanced significantly as PEG concentration increases, while leaf OAA was less enhanced at higher concentration of NaCl.”
t0“SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydration-associated sunflower osmotic adjustment was attributed to increased potassium, calcium and amino acid content.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- dehydration stresse0
- Outcome
- OAAe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- an increase in potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), amino acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OAA of sunflower leaves under dehydration stress was due to an increase in potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), amino acid, organic acid, magnesium (Mg2+), and proline content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydration-associated sunflower osmotic adjustment was attributed to increased organic acid, magnesium and proline content.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- dehydration stresse0
- Outcome
- OAAe0
- Qualifier
- organic acid, magnesium (Mg2+), and proline contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OAA of sunflower leaves under dehydration stress was due to an increase in potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), amino acid, organic acid, magnesium (Mg2+), and proline content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate salt-stress osmotic adjustment was attributed to accumulation of K+, Cl− and amino acids.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- moderate salt stresse0
- Outcome
- OAAe0
- Qualifier
- K+, chlorine (Cl−), amino acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OAA of sunflower leaves under moderate salt stress was owing to an increase in K+, chlorine (Cl−), amino acid, organic acid, sodium (Na+), and proline content, and was mainly due to an accumulation of K+, Cl−, Na+, and proline under severe salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate salt-stress osmotic adjustment was attributed to organic acid, sodium and proline accumulation.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- moderate salt stresse0
- Outcome
- OAAe0
- Qualifier
- organic acid, sodium (Na+), and proline contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OAA of sunflower leaves under moderate salt stress was owing to an increase in K+, chlorine (Cl−), amino acid, organic acid, sodium (Na+), and proline content, and was mainly due to an accumulation of K+, Cl−, Na+, and proline under severe salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe salt-stress osmotic adjustment was mainly attributed to K+, Cl− and Na+ accumulation.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- severe salt stresse0
- Outcome
- OAAe0
- Qualifier
- K+, Cl−, Na+e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OAA of sunflower leaves under moderate salt stress was owing to an increase in K+, chlorine (Cl−), amino acid, organic acid, sodium (Na+), and proline content, and was mainly due to an accumulation of K+, Cl−, Na+, and proline under severe salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe salt-stress osmotic adjustment was mainly attributed to proline accumulation.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- severe salt stresse0
- Outcome
- OAAe0
- Qualifier
- proline under severe salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OAA of sunflower leaves under moderate salt stress was owing to an increase in K+, chlorine (Cl−), amino acid, organic acid, sodium (Na+), and proline content, and was mainly due to an accumulation of K+, Cl−, Na+, and proline under severe salt stress.”
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