Abstract
Herbicides applied for post-emergence control of wild parsley differed in turf injury and weed control. All products tested required multiple applications (21 days apart) to attain acceptable weed control levels. Weedone (2, 4-D) has the quickest, highest, and longest lasting amount of weed control. Weedone (2, 4-D) caused minimal injury to the common bermudagrass turf. Bromoxynil at the low rate of 2.0 lbs. ai/a caused minimal injury to the turf, but provided low levels of weed control. Bromoxynil at the high rate of 3.0 lbs. ai/a caused considerable injury to the turf and moderate to high weed control for about one month, followed by weed recovery. MCPP caused slight initial injury to common bermudagrass and moderate to good weed control (71%-92%) from 7 to 35 days after the second treatment. Weed control was slower to achieve than that of the Weedone treatments. Confront herbicide (trichlopyr and clopyralid) caused slight to moderate initial injury to the turf (more so at 2.0 than at 1.0 pint/product/acre) as well as noticeable necrosis and decreased color of the common bermudagrass up to 21 days after the second application. Confront at the 2.0 pint/acre rate reached weed control levels of 90%-97% at 21 and 35 days after the second application, respectively. At the low rate of 1.0 pint/acre, a maximum of 83% weed control was achieved at the close of the test. Quadmec (applied three weeks later at each respective application date than all other treatments) produced moderate necrosis in the bermudagrass after the initial application, which eventually recovered. However, the turfgrass color was lower in rank (lighter) than most other treatments and was similar to that of the untreated controls. Quadmec achieved 96% control by the close of the test on July 2, 1999 (14 days after the second application). All treatments include 0.5% v/v Silwet surfactant. When applied alone, Silwet produced a small level of weed control, which peaked at 36% at 14 days after the second treatment.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
All tested products needed repeated applications 21 days apart for acceptable weed control.
- Taxon
- Bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylont0 - Treatment
- multiple applicationse0
- Outcome
- acceptable weed control levelse0
- Qualifier
- 21 days aparte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All products tested required multiple applications (21 days apart) to attain acceptable weed control levels.”
t0“Bermudagrass Turf”
e1“Herbicides applied for post-emergence control of wild parsley differed in turf injury and weed control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedone gave the quickest, highest and longest lasting weed control.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Weedone (2, 4-D)e0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weedone (2, 4-D) has the quickest, highest, and longest lasting amount of weed control.”
t0“Bermudagrass Turf”
e1“Herbicides applied for post-emergence control of wild parsley differed in turf injury and weed control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedone caused minimal injury to common bermudagrass.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Weedone (2, 4-D) caused minimal injury to the common bermudagrass turf.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-rate bromoxynil caused minimal turf injury.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Bromoxynil at the low rate of 2.0 lbs. ai/ae0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- minimale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bromoxynil at the low rate of 2.0 lbs. ai/a caused minimal injury to the turf, but provided low levels of weed control.”
t0“Bermudagrass Turf”
e1“Herbicides applied for post-emergence control of wild parsley differed in turf injury and weed control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-rate bromoxynil provided low weed control.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Bromoxynil at the low rate of 2.0 lbs. ai/ae0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bromoxynil at the low rate of 2.0 lbs. ai/a caused minimal injury to the turf, but provided low levels of weed control.”
t0“Bermudagrass Turf”
e1“Herbicides applied for post-emergence control of wild parsley differed in turf injury and weed control.”
Claim · model-written summary
High-rate bromoxynil caused considerable turf injury.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Bromoxynil at the high rate of 3.0 lbs. ai/ae0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- considerablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bromoxynil at the high rate of 3.0 lbs. ai/a caused considerable injury to the turf and moderate to high weed control for about one month, followed by weed recovery.”
t0“Bermudagrass Turf”
e1“Herbicides applied for post-emergence control of wild parsley differed in turf injury and weed control.”
Claim · model-written summary
High-rate bromoxynil produced moderate to high weed control for about a month before weed recovery.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Bromoxynil at the high rate of 3.0 lbs. ai/ae0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- moderate to highe0
- Qualifier
- about one month, followed by weed recoverye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bromoxynil at the high rate of 3.0 lbs. ai/a caused considerable injury to the turf and moderate to high weed control for about one month, followed by weed recovery.”
t0“Bermudagrass Turf”
e1“Herbicides applied for post-emergence control of wild parsley differed in turf injury and weed control.”
Claim · model-written summary
MCPP caused slight initial injury to bermudagrass.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“MCPP caused slight initial injury to common bermudagrass and moderate to good weed control (71%-92%) from 7 to 35 days after the second treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
MCPP gave 71%-92% weed control 7 to 35 days after the second application.
- Taxon
- common bermudagrasse0
- Treatment
- MCPPe0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- moderate to goode0
- Value
- 71%-92%e0
- Qualifier
- 7 to 35 days after the second treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“MCPP caused slight initial injury to common bermudagrass and moderate to good weed control (71%-92%) from 7 to 35 days after the second treatment.”
t0“Bermudagrass Turf”
e1“Herbicides applied for post-emergence control of wild parsley differed in turf injury and weed control.”
e2“MCPP caused slight initial injury to common bermudagrass and moderate to good weed control (71%-92%) from 7 to 35 days after the second treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
MCPP weed control developed more slowly than Weedone control.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- MCPPe2
- Outcome
- Weed controle0
- Direction
- slowere0
- Comparator
- Weedone treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed control was slower to achieve than that of the Weedone treatments.”
t0“Bermudagrass Turf”
e1“Herbicides applied for post-emergence control of wild parsley differed in turf injury and weed control.”
e2“MCPP caused slight initial injury to common bermudagrass and moderate to good weed control (71%-92%) from 7 to 35 days after the second treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Confront caused initial turf injury, necrosis and reduced color.
Verbatim
e0“Confront herbicide (trichlopyr and clopyralid) caused slight to moderate initial injury to the turf (more so at 2.0 than at 1.0 pint/product/acre) as well as noticeable necrosis and decreased color of the common bermudagrass up to 21 days after the second application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Confront at 2.0 pint/acre gave 90%-97% weed control at 21 and 35 days.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Confront at the 2.0 pint/acre ratee0
- Outcome
- weed control levelse0
- Direction
- reachede0
- Value
- 90%-97%e0
- Qualifier
- 21 and 35 days after the second applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Confront at the 2.0 pint/acre rate reached weed control levels of 90%-97% at 21 and 35 days after the second application, respectively.”
t0“Bermudagrass Turf”
e1“Herbicides applied for post-emergence control of wild parsley differed in turf injury and weed control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Confront at 1.0 pint/acre attained at most 83% weed control.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- 1.0 pint/acree0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 83%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the low rate of 1.0 pint/acre, a maximum of 83% weed control was achieved at the close of the test.”
t0“Bermudagrass Turf”
e1“Herbicides applied for post-emergence control of wild parsley differed in turf injury and weed control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Quadmec caused moderate initial bermudagrass necrosis, which recovered.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- Quadmece0
- Outcome
- necrosise0
- Direction
- moderatee0
- Qualifier
- eventually recoverede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quadmec (applied three weeks later at each respective application date than all other treatments) produced moderate necrosis in the bermudagrass after the initial application, which eventually recovered.”
Claim · model-written summary
Quadmec left turf color lighter than most treatments and similar to untreated turf.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Quadmece2
- Outcome
- turfgrass colore0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- similar to that of the untreated controlse0
- Comparator
- most other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the turfgrass color was lower in rank (lighter) than most other treatments and was similar to that of the untreated controls.”
t0“Bermudagrass Turf”
e1“Herbicides applied for post-emergence control of wild parsley differed in turf injury and weed control.”
e2“Quadmec (applied three weeks later at each respective application date than all other treatments) produced moderate necrosis in the bermudagrass after the initial application, which eventually recovered.”
Claim · model-written summary
Quadmec achieved 96% weed control by the test close.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Quadmece0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- achievede0
- Value
- 96%e0
- Qualifier
- 14 days after the second applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quadmec achieved 96% control by the close of the test on July 2, 1999 (14 days after the second application).”
t0“Bermudagrass Turf”
e1“Herbicides applied for post-emergence control of wild parsley differed in turf injury and weed control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silwet alone yielded small weed control, peaking at 36%.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Silwete0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- peakede0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Qualifier
- 14 days after the second treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied alone, Silwet produced a small level of weed control, which peaked at 36% at 14 days after the second treatment.”
t0“Bermudagrass Turf”
e1“Herbicides applied for post-emergence control of wild parsley differed in turf injury and weed control.”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · crop injury · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
trichlopyr · crop injury · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →2,4-D · weed · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
clopyralid · crop injury · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
herbicide · crop injury · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.