Abstract
Abstract Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of time, concentration, and number of GA 4+7 applications on ‘McIntosh’, ‘Early McIntosh’, and ‘Empire’ apples ( Malus domestica Borkh.). GA 4+7 at 150 mg·liter −1 increased fruit set and inhibited flower bud formation on ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Early McIntosh’. Flower bud formation was inhibited on ‘McIntosh’ when GA 4+7 was applied over a wide range of times from 6 days before full bloom to 34 to 35 days after full bloom. Applications made 45 and 60 days after full bloom had no effect. Following storage, ‘Empire’ fruit treated with GA 4+7 were softer and had a higher incidence of senescent breakdown than controls. Postbloom sprays of GA 4+7 increased fruit set on ‘Empire’ one year when applied from 0 to 150 mg·liter −1 , while two applications of 50 mg·liter −1 on similar trees in another year caused thinning. GA 4+7 sprays appeared to advance ripening of ‘Empire’ apples. Gibberellin sprays reduced seed number. GA 4+7 inhibited flowering in ‘Empire’. Repeat applications 19 and 34 days after full bloom were only slightly more inhibitory to flowering than one application of 0, 50, 100, or 150 mg·liter −1 made 10 days after full bloom.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
GA 4+7 at 150 mg per liter increased McIntosh fruit set.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- ‘McIntosh’e0
- Treatment
- GA 4+7 at 150 mg·liter −1e0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA 4+7 at 150 mg·liter −1 increased fruit set and inhibited flower bud formation on ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Early McIntosh’.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 4+7 at 150 mg per liter increased Early McIntosh fruit set.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Early McIntosh’e0
- Treatment
- GA 4+7 at 150 mg·liter −1e0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA 4+7 at 150 mg·liter −1 increased fruit set and inhibited flower bud formation on ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Early McIntosh’.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 4+7 inhibited McIntosh flower bud formation.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘McIntosh’e0
- Treatment
- GA 4+7 at 150 mg·liter −1e0
- Outcome
- flower bud formatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA 4+7 at 150 mg·liter −1 increased fruit set and inhibited flower bud formation on ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Early McIntosh’.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 4+7 inhibited Early McIntosh flower bud formation.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Early McIntosh’e0
- Treatment
- GA 4+7 at 150 mg·liter −1e0
- Outcome
- flower bud formatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA 4+7 at 150 mg·liter −1 increased fruit set and inhibited flower bud formation on ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Early McIntosh’.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
McIntosh flower bud formation was inhibited by applications from 6 days before to 34–35 days after bloom.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘McIntosh’e0
- Treatment
- GA 4+7e0
- Outcome
- Flower bud formatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- from 6 days before full bloom to 34 to 35 days after full bloome0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower bud formation was inhibited on ‘McIntosh’ when GA 4+7 was applied over a wide range of times from 6 days before full bloom to 34 to 35 days after full bloom.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Applications 45 and 60 days after full bloom had no effect on flower bud formation.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Applications made 45 and 60 days after full bloome0
- Outcome
- no effecte0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications made 45 and 60 days after full bloom had no effect.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Stored Empire fruit treated with GA 4+7 were softer than controls.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Empire’e0
- Treatment
- GA 4+7e0
- Outcome
- softere0
- Direction
- softere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following storage, ‘Empire’ fruit treated with GA 4+7 were softer and had a higher incidence of senescent breakdown than controls.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Stored Empire fruit treated with GA 4+7 had more senescent breakdown than controls.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Empire’e0
- Treatment
- GA 4+7e0
- Outcome
- incidence of senescent breakdowne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following storage, ‘Empire’ fruit treated with GA 4+7 were softer and had a higher incidence of senescent breakdown than controls.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Postbloom GA 4+7 sprays increased Empire fruit set in one year.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Empire’e0
- Treatment
- Postbloom sprays of GA 4+7e0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- one year when applied from 0 to 150 mg·liter −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Postbloom sprays of GA 4+7 increased fruit set on ‘Empire’ one year when applied from 0 to 150 mg·liter −1”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Two 50 mg per liter applications caused thinning in another year.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- two applications of 50 mg·liter −1e0
- Outcome
- thinninge0
- Qualifier
- another yeare0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two applications of 50 mg·liter −1 on similar trees in another year caused thinning.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 4+7 sprays appeared to advance Empire ripening.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Empire’e0
- Treatment
- GA 4+7 sprayse0
- Outcome
- ripeninge0
- Direction
- advancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA 4+7 sprays appeared to advance ripening of ‘Empire’ apples.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin sprays reduced apple seed number.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Gibberellin sprayse0
- Outcome
- seed numbere0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellin sprays reduced seed number.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 4+7 inhibited flowering in Empire.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Empire’e0
- Treatment
- GA 4+7e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA 4+7 inhibited flowering in ‘Empire’.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Two later applications were only slightly more inhibitory to flowering than a single earlier application.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Repeat applications 19 and 34 days after full bloome0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- more inhibitorye0
- Comparator
- one application of 0, 50, 100, or 150 mg·liter −1 made 10 days after full bloome0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Repeat applications 19 and 34 days after full bloom were only slightly more inhibitory to flowering than one application of 0, 50, 100, or 150 mg·liter −1 made 10 days after full bloom.”
t0“Apples”
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