Abstract
SummaryPrecocity is particularly important for the economic production of intensively planted apple trees. Unfortunately some cultivars show a propensity for barewood on young trees, which limits early production on 2 year-old spur sites. The new cultivar, ‘Scifresh’ (Jazz™) has shown serious problems of barewood under New Zealand conditions on M.9 and M.26 rootstocks. Barewood has been associated with excessive flowering on feathers and 1 year-old wood. Weak flower clusters develop towards the base of the shoots which do not set fruit and drop off, leaving blind buds. Although there are larger, more well-developed flower clusters on the distal parts of the 1 year-old shoots, cropping these can result in spur extinction. Therefore, in both cases, there is a lack of spur development for the following season resulting in barewood. Experimental treatments have focused on: 1) the effect of timing (January-May) and concentration (400 and 133 mg l–1 gibberellic acid GA3) sprays in the nursery to reduce flowering on 1 year-old wood; and 2) the effect of concentration and timing of localised cytokinin applications in the Spring to re-invigorate blind buds. Two applications of 400 mg l–1 GA3 in late January and late February in the first year in the nursery were effective in eliminating flowering on “knip boom” trees in the following Spring after cutting back. Two applications of 400 mg l–1 GA3, in early and late January, to “knip boom” trees in their second year in the nursery reduced flowering by over 40% when the trees were planted in the orchard. Twelve months later these trees showed an increased density of spur flowers on the original feathers. Aqueous solutions of the cytokinins benzyladenine and thidiazuron, at 500 mg l–1 or 2500 mg l–1 respectively, were applied by brush, prior to, during and post-budbreak, to sections of barewood on 2 year-old or 3 year-old wood on main branches of ‘Scifresh’/M.9 trees. Thidiazuron (at 2500 mg l–1) was far more effective than benzyladenine at inducing growth of dormant buds, even resulting in multiple bud-breaks at individual sites.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Two 400 mg l–1 GA3 applications in the first nursery year eliminated flowering on knip boom apple trees the following spring.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticat0 - Organ / stage
- following Springe0
- Treatment
- Two applications of 400 mg l–1 GA3 in late January and late Februarye0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- eliminatinge0
- Setting
- nurserye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two applications of 400 mg l–1 GA3 in late January and late February in the first year in the nursery were effective in eliminating flowering on “knip boom” trees in the following Spring after cutting back.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Two 400 mg l–1 GA3 applications in the second nursery year reduced flowering by over 40% after orchard planting.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Two applications of 400 mg l–1 GA3, in early and late Januarye0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- over 40%e0
- Setting
- orcharde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two applications of 400 mg l–1 GA3, in early and late January, to “knip boom” trees in their second year in the nursery reduced flowering by over 40% when the trees were planted in the orchard.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve months after the second-year GA3 treatment, spur flower density on original feathers increased.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- original featherse0
- Treatment
- Two applications of 400 mg l–1 GA3, in early and late Januarye1
- Outcome
- density of spur flowerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Twelve months later these trees showed an increased density of spur flowers on the original feathers.”
e1“Two applications of 400 mg l–1 GA3, in early and late January, to “knip boom” trees in their second year in the nursery”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Thidiazuron at 2500 mg l–1 induced more dormant bud growth than benzyladenine on Scifresh apple barewood.
Verbatim
e0“Thidiazuron (at 2500 mg l–1) was far more effective than benzyladenine at inducing growth of dormant buds, even resulting in multiple bud-breaks at individual sites.”
e1“sections of barewood on 2 year-old or 3 year-old wood on main branches of ‘Scifresh’/M.9 trees.”
Claim · model-written summary
Thidiazuron also produced multiple bud breaks at individual apple sites.
- Taxon
- treese1
- Material
- ‘Scifresh’/M.9e1
- Organ / stage
- 2 year-old or 3 year-old woode1
- Treatment
- Thidiazuron (at 2500 mg l–1)e0
- Outcome
- bud-breakse0
- Direction
- multiplee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Thidiazuron (at 2500 mg l–1) was far more effective than benzyladenine at inducing growth of dormant buds, even resulting in multiple bud-breaks at individual sites.”
e1“sections of barewood on 2 year-old or 3 year-old wood on main branches of ‘Scifresh’/M.9 trees.”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · phenology · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Thidiazuron · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.