Abstract
A series of four experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effects of individual and combined applications of prohexadione-Ca (P-Ca) and GA 4+7 primarily on fruit russet, but also on fruit set, fruit weight, early season shoot growth, and fruit maturity of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples ( Malus × domestica Borkh.). A single application of P-Ca (138 to 167 mg·L −1 ) at petal fall (PF) reduced the severity of russet in three of the four experiments; however, multiple applications of 20 ppm GA 4+7 at 10-day intervals beginning at PF generally reduced russet more effectively than P-Ca. P-Ca did not reduce the efficacy of GA 4+7 sprays for russet reduction. However, GA 4+7 sprays reduced the inhibitory effects of P-Ca on shoot growth measured 30 days after PF. A single application of P-Ca at PF had no effect on mean fruit weight at harvest. Fruit size was lowest for the combined P-Ca and GA 4+7 treatment in every experiment, although there was a significant interaction between P-Ca and GA 4+7 sprays on mean fruit weight in only one experiment. There were no consistent effects of P-Ca and GA 4+7 sprays, alone or in combination, on fruit maturity parameters at harvest. These data show that a single application of P-Ca at PF reduced russet severity, and the effects of P-Ca and GA 4+7 sprays on russet can be additive. The economic benefits resulting from a reduction in russet severity after combined P-Ca and GA 4+7 sprays will need to be balanced against their occasional negative effect on fruit size. Chemical names used: prohexadione-calcium [3-oxido-4-propionyl-5-oxo-3 cyclohexenecarboxylate formulated as Apogee (27.5% a.i.)].
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple applications of GA4+7 reduced russet more effectively than P-Ca.
- Taxon
- Apples
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- multiple applications of 20 ppm GA 4+7e0
- Outcome
- russete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- generallye0
- Comparator
- P-Cae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“multiple applications of 20 ppm GA 4+7 at 10-day intervals beginning at PF generally reduced russet more effectively than P-Ca”
t0“‘Golden Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
P-Ca did not reduce the efficacy of GA4+7 sprays for russet reduction.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- P-Cae0
- Outcome
- efficacy of GA 4+7 sprays for russet reductione0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P-Ca did not reduce the efficacy of GA 4+7 sprays for russet reduction”
t0“‘Golden Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
GA4+7 sprays reduced the inhibitory effect of P-Ca on shoot growth measured 30 days after petal fall.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- GA 4+7 sprayse0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effects of P-Ca on shoot growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- measured 30 days after PFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA 4+7 sprays reduced the inhibitory effects of P-Ca on shoot growth measured 30 days after PF”
t0“‘Golden Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
A single application of P-Ca at petal fall had no effect on mean fruit weight at harvest.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- A single application of P-Ca at PFe0
- Outcome
- mean fruit weight at harveste0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A single application of P-Ca at PF had no effect on mean fruit weight at harvest”
t0“‘Golden Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined P-Ca and GA4+7 treatment gave the lowest fruit size in every experiment.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- combined P-Ca and GA 4+7 treatmente0
- Outcome
- Fruit sizee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- in every experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit size was lowest for the combined P-Ca and GA 4+7 treatment in every experiment”
t0“‘Golden Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
The P-Ca and GA4+7 interaction on mean fruit weight was significant in only one experiment.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- P-Ca and GA 4+7 sprayse0
- Outcome
- mean fruit weighte0
- Qualifier
- in only one experimente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a significant interaction between P-Ca and GA 4+7 sprays on mean fruit weight in only one experiment”
t0“‘Golden Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
P-Ca and GA4+7 sprays had no consistent effect on fruit maturity parameters at harvest.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- P-Ca and GA 4+7 sprayse0
- Outcome
- fruit maturity parameters at harveste0
- Direction
- no consistent effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no consistent effects of P-Ca and GA 4+7 sprays, alone or in combination, on fruit maturity parameters at harvest”
t0“‘Golden Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
The effects of P-Ca and GA4+7 sprays on russet can be additive.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- P-Ca and GA 4+7 sprayse0
- Outcome
- russete0
- Direction
- additivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of P-Ca and GA 4+7 sprays on russet can be additive”
t0“‘Golden Delicious’ Apples”
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