Abstract
The present study on the efficacy of insecticides in reducing the infestation of rice stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) was conducted during 2008. The seed of rice (Cv. IRRI-6) was sown in the fourth week of June and transplanted in the fourth week of July. The distance between row to row and plant to plant was maintained at 20cm. The experiment had fourth treatments replicated four times in Randomized Complete Block Design. Pretreatment observation was taken 24 hrs before application of insecticides. At the time of harvest the number of filled grains and yield was recorded. The results obtained indicated that application of insecticides significantly (P<0.05) reduced the infestation of rice stem borer in rice crop compared with control treatment. After second application cartap hydrochloride was found most effective insecticide with the minimum percent infestation (4.37%) followed by carbofuran (7.08%), fipronil (8.68%) and control (38.53%). Application of insecticides also significantly (P<0.01) increased the filling of rice grain and yield of rice crop. The maximum cost: benefit ratio of 1: 50.3 was obtained with application of cartap hydrochloride followed by carbofuran (1: 26.45) and fipronil (1: 24.24).
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide application significantly (P<0.05) reduced rice stem borer infestation in rice compared with the control.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- application of insecticidese0
- Interactor
- rice stem borere0pest
- Outcome
- infestation of rice stem borere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of insecticides significantly (P<0.05) reduced the infestation of rice stem borer in rice crop compared with control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
After the second application cartap hydrochloride gave the lowest stem borer infestation (4.37%) versus 38.53% in the control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cartap hydrochloridee1
- Interactor
- Scirpophaga incertulas
Scirpophaga incertulast1pest - Outcome
- percent infestatione0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 4.37%e0
- Qualifier
- 38.53%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum percent infestation (4.37%)”
e1“cartap hydrochloride was found most effective insecticide”
e2“control (38.53%)”
t0“Rice”
t1“Scirpophaga incertulas”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran gave a stem borer infestation of 7.08% after the second application versus 38.53% in the control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- carbofurane1
- Interactor
- Scirpophaga incertulasScirpophaga incertulast1pest
- Outcome
- percent infestatione0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 7.08%e1
- Qualifier
- 38.53%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“percent infestation”
e1“carbofuran (7.08%)”
e2“control (38.53%)”
t0“Rice”
t1“Scirpophaga incertulas”
Claim · model-written summary
Fipronil gave a stem borer infestation of 8.68% after the second application versus 38.53% in the control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fipronile1
- Interactor
- Scirpophaga incertulasScirpophaga incertulast1pest
- Outcome
- percent infestatione0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 8.68%e1
- Qualifier
- 38.53%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“percent infestation”
e1“fipronil (8.68%)”
e2“control (38.53%)”
t0“Rice”
t1“Scirpophaga incertulas”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide application significantly (P<0.01) increased rice grain filling and rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Application of insecticidese0
- Outcome
- filling of rice grain and yield of rice crope0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of insecticides also significantly (P<0.01) increased the filling of rice grain and yield of rice crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Cartap hydrochloride gave the maximum cost:benefit ratio of 1:50.3.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cartap hydrochloridee1
- Outcome
- cost: benefit ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 1: 50.3e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cost: benefit ratio”
e1“maximum cost: benefit ratio of 1: 50.3 was obtained with application of cartap hydrochloride”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran gave a cost:benefit ratio of 1:26.45, lower than cartap hydrochloride.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- carbofurane1
- Outcome
- cost: benefit ratioe0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 1: 26.45e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cost: benefit ratio”
e1“carbofuran (1: 26.45)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fipronil gave a cost:benefit ratio of 1:24.24, lower than carbofuran.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fipronile1
- Outcome
- cost: benefit ratioe0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 1: 24.24e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cost: benefit ratio”
e1“fipronil (1: 24.24)”
t0“Rice”
The same questions in other papers
fipronil · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →carbofuran · Scirpophaga incertulas · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →cartap · Scirpophaga incertulas · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
hydrochloride · Scirpophaga incertulas · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
fipronil · Scirpophaga incertulas · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →hydrochloride · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →cartap · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
15 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →carbofuran · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
23 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.