Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the sensitive vegetable species to low temperature stress.In recent years, grafting technology has been utilized to meet consumer demand for better price in off-season growing periods.In this study, the performance of two cucumber cultivars grafted onto 12 Cucurbita hybrid rootstocks were investigated at low temperature in Samsun, Turkey.The root morphology and biochemical characteristics of grafted and non-grafted cucumber plants in temperature-controlled and light-controlled greenhouses were determined.In addition, in the late autumn period, under unheated greenhouse conditions, the effects of rootstocks on yield and quality of cucumber plants were investigated.The root system architecture (RSA) (root length, root surface area, and root volume) of the grafted plants under low-temperature conditions was found to be approximately four times higher than the non-grafted plants.Fruit skin thickness, fruit flesh-skin firmness values increased as a result of grafting.Fruit color, total soluble solids (TSS), fruit appearance, and taste values were not affected by grafting.Under low-temperature conditions, the number of fruits per plant, yield and late yield values were significantly affected and increased with rootstock use.The average yield of the non-grafted cucumber cultivars was 24.8 t/ha while the highest total yield was 55.2 t/ha and 49.2 t/ha in cucumber cultivars grafted onto HMO21 and HMO20 rootstocks, respectively.The average superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activities of the grafted combinations were better under low-temperature conditions and increased by 5%, 15%, and 7%, respectively compared with non-grafted plants.Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in scion rootstock combinations was 40% lower and the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content was also found 30% lower than non-grafted plants.It was determined that HMO9, HMO20 and HMO21 hybrid C. moschata rootstocks showed better performance under lowtemperature conditions.It was also determined that in the selection of low-temperature tolerant cucumber rootstocks, APX enzyme activity and root surface area may be an important selection and breeding criteria.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Grafted cucumber had about fourfold greater root length, surface area and volume under low temperature.
- Taxon
- Cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- grafted plantse0
- Outcome
- root length, root surface area, and root volumee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- approximately four timese0
- Qualifier
- low-temperature conditionse0
- Comparator
- non-grafted plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root system architecture (RSA) (root length, root surface area, and root volume) of the grafted plants under low-temperature conditions was found to be approximately four times higher than the non-grafted plants.”
t0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting increased cucumber fruit skin thickness and flesh-skin firmness.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- graftinge0
- Outcome
- Fruit skin thickness, fruit flesh-skin firmness valuese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit skin thickness, fruit flesh-skin firmness values increased as a result of grafting.”
t0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting did not affect cucumber fruit color, soluble solids, appearance or taste.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- graftinge0
- Outcome
- Fruit color, total soluble solids (TSS), fruit appearance, and taste valuese0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit color, total soluble solids (TSS), fruit appearance, and taste values were not affected by grafting.”
t0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low temperature, rootstocks significantly increased fruit number, yield and late yield.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- rootstock usee0
- Outcome
- number of fruits per plant, yield and late yield valuese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- low-temperature conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under low-temperature conditions, the number of fruits per plant, yield and late yield values were significantly affected and increased with rootstock use.”
t0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
HMO21 grafting yielded 55.2 t/ha compared with 24.8 t/ha without grafting.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- HMO21e0
- Treatment
- grafted onto HMO21e0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Value
- 55.2 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 24.8 t/hae0
- Comparator
- non-grafted cucumber cultivarse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average yield of the non-grafted cucumber cultivars was 24.8 t/ha while the highest total yield was 55.2 t/ha and 49.2 t/ha in cucumber cultivars grafted onto HMO21 and HMO20 rootstocks, respectively.”
t0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
HMO20 grafting yielded 49.2 t/ha compared with 24.8 t/ha without grafting.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- HMO20e0
- Treatment
- HMO20 rootstockse0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Value
- 49.2 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 24.8 t/hae0
- Comparator
- non-grafted cucumber cultivarse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average yield of the non-grafted cucumber cultivars was 24.8 t/ha while the highest total yield was 55.2 t/ha and 49.2 t/ha in cucumber cultivars grafted onto HMO21 and HMO20 rootstocks, respectively.”
t0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased by 5% in grafted cucumber under low temperature.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- grafted combinationse0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Outcome
- enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5%e0
- Comparator
- non-grafted plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activities of the grafted combinations were better under low-temperature conditions and increased by 5%, 15%, and 7%, respectively compared with non-grafted plants.”
t0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity increased by 15% in grafted cucumber under low temperature.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- grafted combinationse0
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Outcome
- enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Comparator
- non-grafted plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activities of the grafted combinations were better under low-temperature conditions and increased by 5%, 15%, and 7%, respectively compared with non-grafted plants.”
t0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased by 7% in grafted cucumber under low temperature.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- grafted combinationse0
- Gene
- glutathione reductase (GR)e0
- Outcome
- glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7%e0
- Comparator
- non-grafted plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activities of the grafted combinations were better under low-temperature conditions and increased by 5%, 15%, and 7%, respectively compared with non-grafted plants.”
t0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Malondialdehyde concentration was 40% lower in grafted cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- scion rootstock combinationse0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Comparator
- non-grafted plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in scion rootstock combinations was 40% lower and the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content was also found 30% lower than non-grafted plants.”
t0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide content was 30% lower in grafted cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- scion rootstock combinationse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Comparator
- non-grafted plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in scion rootstock combinations was 40% lower and the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content was also found 30% lower than non-grafted plants.”
t0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
HMO9, HMO20 and HMO21 rootstocks performed better under low temperature.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- HMO9, HMO20 and HMO21 hybrid C. moschata rootstockse0
- Outcome
- better performancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was determined that HMO9, HMO20 and HMO21 hybrid C. moschata rootstocks showed better performance under lowtemperature conditions.”
t0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
APX activity and root surface area may serve as selection criteria for low temperature tolerant cucumber rootstocks.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- APX enzyme activity and root surface area may be an important selection and breeding criteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was also determined that in the selection of low-temperature tolerant cucumber rootstocks, APX enzyme activity and root surface area may be an important selection and breeding criteria.”
t0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
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