Abstract
Plant temperature-induced lipocalins (TILs) have been shown to be responsive to heat stress. The expression of TIL in wheat and Arabidopsis is induced by heat shock treatment and cold acclimation, but other responses and functions of lipocalins remain unknown. In this study, we focused on the response of lipocalins to phytohormones in tomato, as cis-element analysis revealed the presence of multiple phytohormone-responsive elements involving ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA). The expression levels of SlTIL1 and SlTIL2 increased after ABA treatment in young leaves, and tomato plants exhibited enhanced drought stress tolerance 24 h after ABA application. In addition, SlTIL1 expression increased in tomato fruits at the yellow stage following ABA treatment from the orange stage, thereby accelerating fruit ripening. We compared wild-type plants with overexpressing lines of SlTIL1, SlTIL2, and SlCHL and found that both ethylene gas production and expression of the ethylene synthesis gene SlACS2 were elevated from the yellow stage in SlTIL1-OX and SlTIL2-OX lines compared to wild type. We suggest that ethylene and ABA treatments induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tomatoes, to which lipocalins respond by not only contributing to ROS accumulation scavenging but also promoting leaf senescence and fruit ripening.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased SlTIL1 and SlTIL2 expression in young leaves.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- young leavese0
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Gene
- SlTIL1 and SlTIL2e0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression levels of SlTIL1 and SlTIL2 increased after ABA treatment in young leaves, and tomato plants exhibited enhanced drought stress tolerance 24 h after ABA application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato showed enhanced drought tolerance after ABA application.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ABA applicatione0
- Outcome
- drought stress tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- 24 h after ABA applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression levels of SlTIL1 and SlTIL2 increased after ABA treatment in young leaves, and tomato plants exhibited enhanced drought stress tolerance 24 h after ABA application.”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased SlTIL1 expression in yellow stage fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- fruits at the yellow stagee0
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Gene
- SlTIL1e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, SlTIL1 expression increased in tomato fruits at the yellow stage following ABA treatment from the orange stage, thereby accelerating fruit ripening.”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA accelerated tomato fruit ripening.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit ripeninge0
- Direction
- acceleratinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, SlTIL1 expression increased in tomato fruits at the yellow stage following ABA treatment from the orange stage, thereby accelerating fruit ripening.”
Claim · model-written summary
SlTIL1 overexpression elevated ethylene gas production.
Not reportedTaxonTreatment
Verbatim
e0“both ethylene gas production and expression of the ethylene synthesis gene SlACS2 were elevated from the yellow stage in SlTIL1-OX and SlTIL2-OX lines compared to wild type.”
Claim · model-written summary
SlTIL2 overexpression elevated ethylene gas production.
Not reportedTaxonTreatment
Verbatim
e0“both ethylene gas production and expression of the ethylene synthesis gene SlACS2 were elevated from the yellow stage in SlTIL1-OX and SlTIL2-OX lines compared to wild type.”
Claim · model-written summary
SlTIL1 overexpression elevated SlACS2 expression.
- Material
- SlTIL1-OXe0
- Gene
- SlACS2e0
- Outcome
- expression of the ethylene synthesis gene SlACS2e0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Not reportedTaxonTreatment
Verbatim
e0“both ethylene gas production and expression of the ethylene synthesis gene SlACS2 were elevated from the yellow stage in SlTIL1-OX and SlTIL2-OX lines compared to wild type.”
Claim · model-written summary
SlTIL2 overexpression elevated SlACS2 expression.
- Material
- SlTIL2-OXe0
- Gene
- SlACS2e0
- Outcome
- expression of the ethylene synthesis gene SlACS2e0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Not reportedTaxonTreatment
Verbatim
e0“both ethylene gas production and expression of the ethylene synthesis gene SlACS2 were elevated from the yellow stage in SlTIL1-OX and SlTIL2-OX lines compared to wild type.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.