Abstract
Tomato bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ( Cmm ), poses a significant threat to global tomato production. This study evaluated the biocontrol efficacy of bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere and tissues of tomato plants. From 100 isolates screened for antagonistic activity against Cmm , nine exhibited promising inhibitory effects, with strains A23 and C6 showing the highest performance. Molecular identification via 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that these isolates belonged to the genera Pseudomonas , Microbacterium , Alcaligenes , Glutacimibacter , and Providencia . Among them, Pseudomonas sp. A23 and Microbacterium sp. C6 were selected for in planta evaluation, both individually and as a consortium. Greenhouse trials showed that A23 and C6 reduced disease incidence by 38.76 % and 58.90 %, respectively, while their co-inoculation achieved a significant reduction of 78.35 %. In addition to disease suppression, treated plants exhibited markedly decreased vascular browning and canker lesion size, along with enhanced vegetative growth, particularly in shoot and root dry weights. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, qRT-PCR analysis was performed. The results showed that plants treated with the consortium exhibited a significant increase in the expression of key defense-related genes, including PR1 , PR5 , and CHI3 , and a decrease in the expression of PR4 and ACO1 genes, indicating that the consortium enhanced the plant’s systemic defense response. Overall, this study highlights the potential of strains A23 and C6 as effective biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Their combined application offers a promising and sustainable strategy to manage tomato bacterial canker while promoting plant vigor and resilience. • Nine bacterial isolates inhibited Clavibacter michiganensis growth in vitro. • Strains A23 and C6 reduced tomato canker severity and disease incidence. • A23–C6 consortium suppressed bacterial canker by 78.35 % under greenhouse conditions • Treated plants showed modulated defense gene expression and enhanced biomass.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Of 100 isolates screened, nine inhibited Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in vitro, with A23 and C6 the most active.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Interactor
- Cmme1pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitory effectse1
- Value
- ninee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“From 100 isolates screened for antagonistic activity against Cmm , nine exhibited promising inhibitory effects, with strains A23 and C6 showing the highest performance”
t0“Unlocking consortium-induced immunity: Pseudomonas and Microbacterium as biocontrol agents against tomato bacterial canker”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain A23 reduced tomato canker disease incidence by 38.76% in greenhouse trials.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- A23e2
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0pathogen - Second interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. A23
Pseudomonas sp. A23e3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- disease incidencee2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 38.76 %e2
- Setting
- Greenhousee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ( Cmm ), poses a significant threat to global tomato production”
e2“Greenhouse trials showed that A23 and C6 reduced disease incidence by 38.76 % and 58.90 %, respectively”
e3“Pseudomonas sp. A23 and Microbacterium sp. C6 were selected for in planta evaluation”
t0“Unlocking consortium-induced immunity: Pseudomonas and Microbacterium as biocontrol agents against tomato bacterial canker”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain C6 reduced tomato canker disease incidence by 58.90% in greenhouse trials.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- C6e2
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Microbacterium sp. C6
.jpg?width=60)
Microbacterium sp. C6e3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- disease incidencee2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 58.90 %e2
- Setting
- Greenhousee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Tomato bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ( Cmm ), poses a significant threat to global tomato production”
e2“Greenhouse trials showed that A23 and C6 reduced disease incidence by 38.76 % and 58.90 %, respectively”
e3“Pseudomonas sp. A23 and Microbacterium sp. C6 were selected for in planta evaluation”
t0“Unlocking consortium-induced immunity: Pseudomonas and Microbacterium as biocontrol agents against tomato bacterial canker”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation of A23 and C6 achieved a significant reduction of 78.35% in tomato canker incidence.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- co-inoculatione4
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. A23Pseudomonas sp. A23e3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease incidencee2
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- 78.35 %e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ( Cmm ), poses a significant threat to global tomato production”
e2“Greenhouse trials showed that A23 and C6 reduced disease incidence by 38.76 % and 58.90 %, respectively”
e4“while their co-inoculation achieved a significant reduction of 78.35 %”
e3“Pseudomonas sp. A23 and Microbacterium sp. C6 were selected for in planta evaluation”
t0“Unlocking consortium-induced immunity: Pseudomonas and Microbacterium as biocontrol agents against tomato bacterial canker”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated plants showed decreased vascular browning and canker lesion size.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treated plantse5
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0pathogen
- Outcome
- vascular browning and canker lesion sizee5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ( Cmm ), poses a significant threat to global tomato production”
e5“treated plants exhibited markedly decreased vascular browning and canker lesion size, along with enhanced vegetative growth, particularly in shoot and root dry weights”
t0“Unlocking consortium-induced immunity: Pseudomonas and Microbacterium as biocontrol agents against tomato bacterial canker”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated plants showed enhanced vegetative growth, particularly shoot and root dry weights.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treated plantse5
- Outcome
- vegetative growth, particularly in shoot and root dry weightse5
- Direction
- enhancede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“treated plants exhibited markedly decreased vascular browning and canker lesion size, along with enhanced vegetative growth, particularly in shoot and root dry weights”
t0“Unlocking consortium-induced immunity: Pseudomonas and Microbacterium as biocontrol agents against tomato bacterial canker”
Claim · model-written summary
Consortium treatment significantly increased expression of defense-related genes PR1, PR5 and CHI3 in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- plants treated with the consortiume6
- Gene
- PR1 , PR5 , and CHI3e6
- Outcome
- expression of key defense-related genese6
- Direction
- increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“plants treated with the consortium exhibited a significant increase in the expression of key defense-related genes, including PR1 , PR5 , and CHI3 , and a decrease in the expression of PR4 and ACO1 genes”
t0“Unlocking consortium-induced immunity: Pseudomonas and Microbacterium as biocontrol agents against tomato bacterial canker”
Claim · model-written summary
Consortium treatment decreased expression of PR4 and ACO1 genes in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- plants treated with the consortiume6
- Gene
- PR4 and ACO1e6
- Outcome
- expression of PR4 and ACO1 genese6
- Direction
- decreasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“plants treated with the consortium exhibited a significant increase in the expression of key defense-related genes, including PR1 , PR5 , and CHI3 , and a decrease in the expression of PR4 and ACO1 genes”
t0“Unlocking consortium-induced immunity: Pseudomonas and Microbacterium as biocontrol agents against tomato bacterial canker”
Claim · model-written summary
The consortium appears to enhance the systemic defense response of tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- the consortiume7
- Outcome
- systemic defense responsee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“indicating that the consortium enhanced the plant’s systemic defense response”
t0“Unlocking consortium-induced immunity: Pseudomonas and Microbacterium as biocontrol agents against tomato bacterial canker”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.