Abstract
In 2001, a disease occurred on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cv. Target growing in six different commercial fields in the production areas of Oltu, Ispir and Yusufeli in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Disease incidence was almost 100%, resulting in heavy losses. Initial symptoms were small (1–3 mm in diameter), water-soaked, dark brown to black lesions on the leaf margins and stems, and white, raised ‘bird’s eye’ spots on fruits. Defoliation, one-sided wilting, tip die-back, open stem cankers and vascular discoloration were observed on plants in advanced stages of the disease. These symptoms were consistent with those of bacterial canker described by Vidaver & Davis (1988) and were found only on cv. Target. A slow-growing, Gram-positive, pale-yellow bacterium was consistently isolated on yeast dextrose carbonate agar medium (Lelliot & Stead, 1987). Sixteen representative isolates were identified as Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis (similarity 47–89%) using fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis and Sherlock Microbial Identification System software (Microbial ID, Newark, DE, USA) (Gitaitis & Beaver, 1990). Pathogenicity was tested by spraying 5-week-old-tomato seedlings (cv. Easy Harvest) with bacteria suspended (108 cfu mL−1) in sterile water. Control plants were sprayed with sterile water. After inoculation plants were covered with polyethylene bags for 48 h and maintained in a greenhouse at 25°C. Symptoms similar to those observed in the field developed on the inoculated plants within 7–13 days. No symptoms developed on control plants. The bacterium was re-isolated from inoculated plants and its identity confirmed by FAME analysis. Although it has been reported previously in Aegean and Mediterranean regions (Özaktan, 1991), this is the first record of bacterial canker on tomatoes in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Occurrence of the disease only on plants of cv. Target suggests that contaminated seeds and/or transplants of cv. Target may have been the source of the pathogen.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence in the surveyed tomato fields was almost 100%, with heavy losses.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist0pathogen - Outcome
- Disease incidencee0
- Value
- almost 100%e0
- Setting
- eastern Anatolia region of Turkeyt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease incidence was almost 100%, resulting in heavy losses.”
t0“Bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis , on tomatoes in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey”
Claim · model-written summary
Affected tomato plants showed leaf, stem, fruit, wilt and vascular symptoms.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist0pathogen
- Outcome
- Defoliation, one-sided wilting, tip die-back, open stem cankers and vascular discoloratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Initial symptoms were small (1–3 mm in diameter), water-soaked, dark brown to black lesions on the leaf margins and stems, and white, raised ‘bird’s eye’ spots on fruits.”
e1“Defoliation, one-sided wilting, tip die-back, open stem cankers and vascular discoloration were observed on plants in advanced stages of the disease.”
t0“Bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis , on tomatoes in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey”
Claim · model-written summary
Field symptoms were found only on cv. Target.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- cv. Targete0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These symptoms were consistent with those of bacterial canker described by Vidaver & Davis (1988) and were found only on cv. Target.”
t0“Bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis , on tomatoes in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixteen bacterial isolates were identified as Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0pathogen
- Outcome
- identified as Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensise0
- Value
- 47–89%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sixteen representative isolates were identified as Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis (similarity 47–89%) using fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis”
t0“Bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis , on tomatoes in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated tomato plants developed field-like symptoms within 7–13 days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inoculated plantse0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist0pathogen
- Outcome
- Symptoms similar to those observed in the fielde0
- Value
- 7–13 dayse0
- Comparator
- Control plantse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Symptoms similar to those observed in the field developed on the inoculated plants within 7–13 days.”
e1“Control plants were sprayed with sterile water.”
t0“Bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis , on tomatoes in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey”
Claim · model-written summary
No symptoms developed on water-sprayed control tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist0pathogen
- Outcome
- No symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No symptoms developed on control plants.”
t0“Bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis , on tomatoes in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey”
Claim · model-written summary
The bacterium was re-isolated from inoculated tomato plants and confirmed by FAME analysis.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist0pathogen
- Outcome
- re-isolated from inoculated plants and its identity confirmed by FAME analysise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bacterium was re-isolated from inoculated plants and its identity confirmed by FAME analysis.”
t0“Bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis , on tomatoes in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey”
Claim · model-written summary
This was the first record of tomato bacterial canker in eastern Anatolia.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist0pathogen
- Outcome
- first record of bacterial cankere0
- Setting
- eastern Anatolia region of Turkeye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this is the first record of bacterial canker on tomatoes in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey.”
t0“Bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis , on tomatoes in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest contaminated Target seeds or transplants as the pathogen source.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- cv. Targete0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist0pathogen
- Outcome
- source of the pathogene0
- Qualifier
- contaminated seeds and/or transplantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Occurrence of the disease only on plants of cv. Target suggests that contaminated seeds and/or transplants of cv. Target may have been the source of the pathogen.”
t0“Bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis , on tomatoes in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.