Abstract
The root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most widespread and economically damaging plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). Due to the environmental drawbacks of synthetic nematicides, biological control agents offer a more sustainable alternative for nematode management. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a bioproduct derived from Trichoderma harzianum Rifai Strain T22 in controlling M. incognita in tomato plants, utilising varying doses (30 g da-1, 40 g da-1, 50 g da-1). Additionally, the impact of this bioproduct on tomato development was examined. Abamectin treatment demonstrated the highest efficacy, achieving reductions of 67.28% in the root-gall index, 89.85% in the population of second-stage juveniles (J2), and 81.28% in the number of egg masses, resulting in a reproduction factor (RF) of 0.83. The bioproduct at a dosage of 50 g da⁻¹ resulted in a 30.17% reduction in the root-gall index, a 43.28% reduction in the population of J2, a 37.26% reduction in egg masses, and a RF of 4.65. In contrast, the bioproduct at 30 g da⁻¹ was less effective, yielding reductions of 11.47% in the root-gall index, 22.76% in J2, 16.83% in egg masses, and an RF of 6.33, respectively. The bioproduct applications also significantly enhanced tomato growth, resulting in the highest increases of 22.73% in shoot length, 45.19% in root length, and 19.80% in shoot weight at a rate of 50 g da⁻¹. In conclusion, T. harzianum-based bioproducts are effective for the integrated management of M. incognita, but future research should focus on optimising doses and testing different treatment combinations to further improve efficacy.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin reduced root-gall index by 67.28%.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Abamectin treatmente0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae1pathogen - Outcome
- root-gall indexe0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 67.28%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Abamectin treatment demonstrated the highest efficacy, achieving reductions of 67.28% in the root-gall index”
t0“in tomato plants”
e1“controlling M. incognita in tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin reduced juvenile nematode population by 89.85%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Abamectin treatmente1
- Outcome
- population of second-stage juveniles (J2)e0
- Value
- 89.85%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“89.85% in the population of second-stage juveniles (J2)”
t0“in tomato plants”
e1“Abamectin treatment demonstrated the highest efficacy, achieving reductions of 67.28% in the root-gall index”
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin reduced egg masses by 81.28%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Abamectin treatmente1
- Outcome
- number of egg massese0
- Value
- 81.28%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“81.28% in the number of egg masses”
t0“in tomato plants”
e1“Abamectin treatment demonstrated the highest efficacy, achieving reductions of 67.28% in the root-gall index”
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin produced a reproduction factor of 0.83.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- reproduction factor (RF)e0
- Value
- 0.83e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in a reproduction factor (RF) of 0.83”
t0“in tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50 g da⁻¹ bioproduct dose reduced root-gall index by 30.17%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- bioproduct at a dosage of 50 g da⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- root-gall indexe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 30.17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bioproduct at a dosage of 50 g da⁻¹ resulted in a 30.17% reduction in the root-gall index”
t0“in tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50 g da⁻¹ dose reduced juvenile population by 43.28%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 50 g da⁻¹e1
- Outcome
- population of J2e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 43.28%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 43.28% reduction in the population of J2”
t0“in tomato plants”
e1“The bioproduct at a dosage of 50 g da⁻¹ resulted in a 30.17% reduction in the root-gall index”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50 g da⁻¹ dose reduced egg masses by 37.26%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 50 g da⁻¹e1
- Outcome
- egg massese0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 37.26%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 37.26% reduction in egg masses”
t0“in tomato plants”
e1“The bioproduct at a dosage of 50 g da⁻¹ resulted in a 30.17% reduction in the root-gall index”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50 g da⁻¹ dose produced a reproduction factor of 4.65.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- RFe0
- Value
- 4.65e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a RF of 4.65”
t0“in tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30 g da⁻¹ dose reduced root-gall index by 11.47%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- bioproduct at 30 g da⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- root-gall indexe0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 11.47%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the bioproduct at 30 g da⁻¹ was less effective, yielding reductions of 11.47% in the root-gall index”
t0“in tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30 g da⁻¹ dose reduced juvenile population by 22.76%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 30 g da⁻¹e1
- Outcome
- J2e0
- Value
- 22.76%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“22.76% in J2”
t0“in tomato plants”
e1“the bioproduct at 30 g da⁻¹ was less effective, yielding reductions of 11.47% in the root-gall index”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30 g da⁻¹ dose reduced egg masses by 16.83%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 30 g da⁻¹e1
- Outcome
- egg massese0
- Value
- 16.83%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16.83% in egg masses”
t0“in tomato plants”
e1“the bioproduct at 30 g da⁻¹ was less effective, yielding reductions of 11.47% in the root-gall index”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30 g da⁻¹ dose produced a reproduction factor of 6.33.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- RFe0
- Value
- 6.33e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an RF of 6.33”
t0“in tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50 g da⁻¹ dose increased tomato shoot length by 22.73%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 50 g da⁻¹e1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 22.73%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest increases of 22.73% in shoot length”
t0“in tomato plants”
e1“The bioproduct at a dosage of 50 g da⁻¹ resulted in a 30.17% reduction in the root-gall index”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50 g da⁻¹ dose increased tomato root length by 45.19%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 50 g da⁻¹e1
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Value
- 45.19%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“45.19% in root length”
t0“in tomato plants”
e1“The bioproduct at a dosage of 50 g da⁻¹ resulted in a 30.17% reduction in the root-gall index”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50 g da⁻¹ dose increased tomato shoot weight by 19.80%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 50 g da⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- shoot weighte0
- Value
- 19.80%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“19.80% in shoot weight at a rate of 50 g da⁻¹”
t0“in tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend optimizing doses and testing treatment combinations.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- optimising doses and testing different treatment combinationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“future research should focus on optimising doses and testing different treatment combinations to further improve efficacy”
t0“in tomato plants”
The same questions in other papers
abamectin · pest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →abamectin · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.