Abstract
Direct and residual toxicity of NeemAzal-T/S (azadirachtin), Success (spinosad), and abamectin was tested against different life stages of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), under air-conditioned laboratory conditions and in a tropical net greenhouse. NeemAzal-T/S and abamectin deterred the settling of adults on tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill (Solanaceae), plants and consequently reduced egg deposition. No such effect was detected for Success. All three pesticides influenced egg hatch. Effects of NeemAzal-T/S were significantly altered if applied to different-aged eggs (1, 3, and 5 d old). In contrast, abamectin-treated eggs failed to hatch at any given age class. All three products caused heavy mortality of the three nymphal stages of B. tabaci, with the first instars being most susceptible, abamectin-treated nymphs died within 24 h postapplication. In contrast, 100% nymphal mortality with NeemAzal-T/S and Success was reached 6–9 d postapplication. abamectin caused 100% immature mortality at all residue ages (1, 5, 10, and 15 d) in the laboratory and greenhouse as well. Persistence of Success was comparably high in the laboratory, but in the greenhouse a faster decline of activity was evident by increased egg deposition, egg hatch, and reduced rates of immature mortality. Toxicity of NeemAzal-T/S however gradually declined under greenhouse conditions with time (5 d) postapplication. The findings are discussed within the context of integrated management of whitefly under protected cultivation in the humid tropics.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
NeemAzal-T/S deterred adult whitefly settling on tomato and reduced egg deposition.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- NeemAzal-T/Se0
- Outcome
- settling of adultse0
- Direction
- deterrede0
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NeemAzal-T/S and abamectin deterred the settling of adults on tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill (Solanaceae), plants and consequently reduced egg deposition”
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin deterred adult whitefly settling on tomato and reduced egg deposition.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- abamectine0
- Outcome
- egg depositione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NeemAzal-T/S and abamectin deterred the settling of adults on tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill (Solanaceae), plants and consequently reduced egg deposition”
Claim · model-written summary
Success had no detected effect on adult settling or egg deposition.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Successe0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- No such effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No such effect was detected for Success”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
All three pesticides influenced whitefly egg hatch.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- All three pesticidese0
- Outcome
- egg hatche0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All three pesticides influenced egg hatch”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NeemAzal-T/S effects differed significantly by egg age.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NeemAzal-T/Se0
- Outcome
- Effects of NeemAzal-T/Se0
- Qualifier
- different-aged eggs (1, 3, and 5 d old)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of NeemAzal-T/S were significantly altered if applied to different-aged eggs (1, 3, and 5 d old)”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin-treated whitefly eggs failed to hatch at all tested ages.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- abamectine0
- Outcome
- eggs failed to hatche0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“abamectin-treated eggs failed to hatch at any given age class”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
All three products caused heavy mortality of whitefly nymphs.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- All three productse0
- Outcome
- mortality of the three nymphal stages of B. tabacie0
- Direction
- heavye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All three products caused heavy mortality of the three nymphal stages of B. tabaci, with the first instars being most susceptible”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
First instar whitefly nymphs were most susceptible to the products.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- first instars being most susceptiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the first instars being most susceptible”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin-treated nymphs died within 24 h.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- abamectine0
- Outcome
- nymphs diede0
- Value
- 24 he0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“abamectin-treated nymphs died within 24 h postapplication”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NeemAzal-T/S reached complete nymph mortality 6–9 d after application.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NeemAzal-T/Se0
- Outcome
- nymphal mortalitye0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- 6–9 d postapplicatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% nymphal mortality with NeemAzal-T/S and Success was reached 6–9 d postapplication”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Success reached complete nymph mortality 6–9 d after application.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Successe0
- Outcome
- nymphal mortalitye0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- 6–9 d postapplicatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% nymphal mortality with NeemAzal-T/S and Success was reached 6–9 d postapplication”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin caused complete immature mortality at all residue ages in laboratory and greenhouse.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- abamectine0
- Outcome
- immature mortalitye0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Setting
- the laboratory and greenhousee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“abamectin caused 100% immature mortality at all residue ages (1, 5, 10, and 15 d) in the laboratory and greenhouse as well”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Success persistence was high in the laboratory.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Persistence of Successe0
- Direction
- highe0
- Setting
- the laboratorye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Persistence of Success was comparably high in the laboratory”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Success activity declined faster in greenhouse conditions, with increased egg deposition and hatch and reduced immature mortality.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- decline of activitye0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Setting
- the greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the greenhouse a faster decline of activity was evident by increased egg deposition, egg hatch, and reduced rates of immature mortality”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NeemAzal-T/S toxicity gradually declined by 5 d after application in greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Toxicity of NeemAzal-T/Se0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Qualifier
- 5 de0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Toxicity of NeemAzal-T/S however gradually declined under greenhouse conditions with time (5 d) postapplication”
t0“Tomato Plants”
The same questions in other papers
abamectin · pest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.