Abstract
Water and nitrogen are key factors limiting maize growth and yield formation, and optimizing water and nitrogen regulation is particularly important for improving the maize yield of farmland in semi-arid areas. In this study, the characteristics of “sandy water” in the irrigation area of the Yellow River Basin were combined. A two-year field experiment was carried out in 2023-2024 by using the muddy water film-hole irrigation technique. Logistic models were applied to investigate the dynamic accumulation characteristics of dry matter. We analyzed the effects of different sediment concentrations (3, 6 and 9 kg·m -3 ), irrigation volumes (0.50-0.65, 0.65-0.80, and 0.80-0.95 FC), and nitrogen application (120, 180, and 240 kg·ha -1 ) on dry matter accumulation and translocation in maize. The results showed that the logistic models for root dry matter (RDM) and shoot dry matter (SDM) of summer maize based on effective accumulation temperature were biologically significant ( R 2 =98.99%-99.99%, NRMSE=4.0%-13.12%). Medium water nitrogen supply T5 treatments (6 kg·m -3 , 0.65-0.80 FC and 180 kg·ha -1 ) significantly promoted dry matter accumulation, advanced the rapid growth phase of SDM, reduced the effective cumulative temperature required to reach the maximum growth rate, and the average growth rate was significantly higher than the other treatments. In addition, medium water nitrogen supply significantly increased soil organic carbon content and reduced nitrate nitrogen residues. T5 treatments significantly increased dry matter accumulation, translocation efficiency, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AE N ) and yield, with the highest post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and post-anthesis dry matter contribution to grain. Comprehensive TOPSIS evaluation showed that T5 treatment was the best water and nitrogen management strategy, which can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of maize in semi-arid areas. • T5 (6 kg·m -3 , 0.65-0.80 FC and 180 kg·ha -1 ) boosts maize yield by 19–21% compared to CK2 • T5 delays senescence, increasing post-anthesis assimilate contribution to grain • Shoot dry matter in T5 increases by 13.6% versus conventional water–N treatment • Logistic models capture maize growth dynamics across water–nitrogen regimes • T5 improves water productivity by 37–40% compared with CK2 treatment
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature-based logistic models fit maize root and shoot dry matter dynamics.
- Outcome
- root dry matter (RDM) and shoot dry matter (SDM)e0
- Value
- 98.99%-99.99%e0
- Qualifier
- NRMSE=4.0%-13.12%e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“logistic models for root dry matter (RDM) and shoot dry matter (SDM) of summer maize based on effective accumulation temperature were biologically significant ( R 2 =98.99%-99.99%, NRMSE=4.0%-13.12%)”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 increased maize dry matter accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T5 treatments significantly increased dry matter accumulation, translocation efficiency, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AE N ) and yield”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 increased dry matter translocation efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T5 treatments significantly increased dry matter accumulation, translocation efficiency, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AE N ) and yield”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 increased nitrogen agronomic efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T5 treatments significantly increased dry matter accumulation, translocation efficiency, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AE N ) and yield”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 raised maize yield by 19–21% versus CK2.
- Treatment
- T5 (6 kg·m -3 , 0.65-0.80 FC and 180 kg·ha -1 )e0
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- boostse0
- Value
- 19–21%e0
- Comparator
- CK2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T5 (6 kg·m -3 , 0.65-0.80 FC and 180 kg·ha -1 ) boosts maize yield by 19–21% compared to CK2”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 advanced the rapid shoot dry matter growth phase.
- Treatment
- T5 treatments (6 kg·m -3 , 0.65-0.80 FC and 180 kg·ha -1 )e0
- Outcome
- rapid growth phase of SDMe0
- Direction
- advancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medium water nitrogen supply T5 treatments (6 kg·m -3 , 0.65-0.80 FC and 180 kg·ha -1 ) significantly promoted dry matter accumulation, advanced the rapid growth phase of SDM”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 reduced the effective cumulative temperature needed for maximal growth rate.
- Treatment
- T5t1
- Outcome
- effective cumulative temperature required to reach the maximum growth ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the effective cumulative temperature required to reach the maximum growth rate”
t0“maize”
t1“Medium water nitrogen supply T5 treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 increased soil organic carbon.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“medium water nitrogen supply significantly increased soil organic carbon content and reduced nitrate nitrogen residues”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 reduced soil nitrate nitrogen residues.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“medium water nitrogen supply significantly increased soil organic carbon content and reduced nitrate nitrogen residues”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 increased shoot dry matter by 13.6% versus conventional water–N treatment.
- Treatment
- T5e0
- Outcome
- Shoot dry mattere0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 13.6%e0
- Comparator
- conventional water–N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot dry matter in T5 increases by 13.6% versus conventional water–N treatment”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 improved water productivity by 37–40% versus CK2.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T5 improves water productivity by 37–40% compared with CK2 treatment”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
TOPSIS ranked T5 the best water and nitrogen management strategy.
- Outcome
- T5 treatment was the best water and nitrogen management strategye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T5 treatment was the best water and nitrogen management strategy”
t0“maize”
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