Abstract
The relative efficacy of amorphous silica dusts, malathion, and pirimiphos methyl was assessed against S. oryzae and T. castaneum in stored wheat under laboratory conditions. Insecticidal performance was influenced by physical properties such as particle size, surface area, bulk density, and oil/water adsorption capacity. Fumed silicas showed the highest toxicity, particularly Wacker HDK H20 (LC50 = 19.4 mg/100 g at 12% moisture). Precipitated silica, Sipernat 22, though less potent (LC50 = 46.6 mg/100 g), displayed consistent efficacy across different moisture levels, making it a suitable inert carrier. Increasing grain moisture to 15% significantly reduced the effectiveness of all dusts. When insecticides were combined with silica, their toxicity increased markedly. Malathion on silica (0.2%) reduced LC50 values to 21.5 and 23.3 µg a.i./100 g for T. castaneum and S. oryzae, respectively, compared to 52.3 and 84.7 µg a.i./100 g on talc. Pirimiphos methyl on silica (0.1%) was the most effective, achieving LC50 values of 13.4 and 15.5 µg a.i./100 g. Long-term bioassays over 25 weeks showed declining mortality rates, particularly at 15% moisture. However, pirimiphos methyl on silica maintained over 90% mortality at 12% moisture throughout the period, indicating strong residual efficacy. The results highlight the synergistic potential of combining silica with chemical insecticides and the crucial role of environmental humidity in stored grain pest management.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Fumed silicas showed the highest toxicity to the stored-grain pests.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Fumed silicase1
- Interactor
- S. oryzae
Sitophilus oryzaee0pest - Second interactor
- T. castaneum
Tribolium castaneume0pest - Outcome
- toxicitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficacy of amorphous silica dusts, malathion, and pirimiphos methyl was assessed against S. oryzae and T. castaneum in stored wheat under laboratory conditions”
e1“Fumed silicas showed the highest toxicity, particularly Wacker HDK H20 (LC50 = 19.4 mg/100 g at 12% moisture)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wacker HDK H20 had an LC50 of 19.4 mg/100 g at 12% moisture.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Wacker HDK H20e1
- Interactor
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0pest
- Second interactor
- T. castaneumTribolium castaneume0pest
- Outcome
- LC50e1
- Value
- 19.4 mg/100 ge1
- Qualifier
- at 12% moisturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficacy of amorphous silica dusts, malathion, and pirimiphos methyl was assessed against S. oryzae and T. castaneum in stored wheat under laboratory conditions”
e1“Fumed silicas showed the highest toxicity, particularly Wacker HDK H20 (LC50 = 19.4 mg/100 g at 12% moisture)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sipernat 22 was less potent than the fumed silicas, with an LC50 of 46.6 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Sipernat 22e2
- Interactor
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0pest
- Second interactor
- T. castaneumTribolium castaneume0pest
- Outcome
- LC50e2
- Value
- 46.6 mg/100 ge2
- Qualifier
- less potente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficacy of amorphous silica dusts, malathion, and pirimiphos methyl was assessed against S. oryzae and T. castaneum in stored wheat under laboratory conditions”
e2“Precipitated silica, Sipernat 22, though less potent (LC50 = 46.6 mg/100 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sipernat 22 showed consistent efficacy across different moisture levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Sipernat 22e2
- Interactor
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0pest
- Second interactor
- T. castaneumTribolium castaneume0pest
- Outcome
- efficacye3
- Qualifier
- across different moisture levelse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficacy of amorphous silica dusts, malathion, and pirimiphos methyl was assessed against S. oryzae and T. castaneum in stored wheat under laboratory conditions”
e2“Precipitated silica, Sipernat 22, though less potent (LC50 = 46.6 mg/100 g)”
e3“displayed consistent efficacy across different moisture levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing grain moisture to 15% significantly reduced the effectiveness of all dusts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Increasing grain moisture to 15%e4
- Interactor
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0pest
- Second interactor
- T. castaneumTribolium castaneume0pest
- Outcome
- effectivenesse4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficacy of amorphous silica dusts, malathion, and pirimiphos methyl was assessed against S. oryzae and T. castaneum in stored wheat under laboratory conditions”
e4“Increasing grain moisture to 15% significantly reduced the effectiveness of all dusts”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining insecticides with silica markedly increased their toxicity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- insecticides were combined with silicae5
- Interactor
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0pest
- Second interactor
- T. castaneumTribolium castaneume0pest
- Outcome
- toxicitye5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- markedlye5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficacy of amorphous silica dusts, malathion, and pirimiphos methyl was assessed against S. oryzae and T. castaneum in stored wheat under laboratory conditions”
e5“When insecticides were combined with silica, their toxicity increased markedly”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion on silica (0.2%) reduced LC50 values to 21.5 and 23.3 µg a.i./100 g, compared with 52.3 and 84.7 µg a.i./100 g on talc.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Malathion on silica (0.2%)e6
- Interactor
- T. castaneumTribolium castaneume6pest
- Second interactor
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee6pest
- Outcome
- LC50 valuese6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 21.5 and 23.3 µg a.i./100 ge6
- Qualifier
- 52.3 and 84.7 µg a.i./100 g on talce6
- Comparator
- talce6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficacy of amorphous silica dusts, malathion, and pirimiphos methyl was assessed against S. oryzae and T. castaneum in stored wheat under laboratory conditions”
e6“Malathion on silica (0.2%) reduced LC50 values to 21.5 and 23.3 µg a.i./100 g for T. castaneum and S. oryzae, respectively, compared to 52.3 and 84.7 µg a.i./100 g on talc”
Claim · model-written summary
Pirimiphos methyl on silica (0.1%) was the most effective treatment, with LC50 values of 13.4 and 15.5 µg a.i./100 g.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Pirimiphos methyl on silica (0.1%)e7
- Interactor
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0pest
- Second interactor
- T. castaneumTribolium castaneume0pest
- Outcome
- LC50 valuese7
- Value
- 13.4 and 15.5 µg a.i./100 ge7
- Qualifier
- the most effectivee7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficacy of amorphous silica dusts, malathion, and pirimiphos methyl was assessed against S. oryzae and T. castaneum in stored wheat under laboratory conditions”
e7“Pirimiphos methyl on silica (0.1%) was the most effective, achieving LC50 values of 13.4 and 15.5 µg a.i./100 g”
Claim · model-written summary
Mortality rates in long-term bioassays declined over 25 weeks, particularly at 15% moisture.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- mortality ratese1
- Direction
- declininge1
- Qualifier
- over 25 weekse1
- Setting
- 15% moisturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficacy of amorphous silica dusts, malathion, and pirimiphos methyl was assessed against S. oryzae and T. castaneum in stored wheat under laboratory conditions”
e1“Long-term bioassays over 25 weeks showed declining mortality rates, particularly at 15% moisture”
Claim · model-written summary
Pirimiphos methyl on silica maintained over 90% mortality at 12% moisture throughout the period.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- pirimiphos methyl on silicae1
- Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Value
- over 90%e1
- Qualifier
- throughout the periode1
- Setting
- 12% moisturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficacy of amorphous silica dusts, malathion, and pirimiphos methyl was assessed against S. oryzae and T. castaneum in stored wheat under laboratory conditions”
e1“However, pirimiphos methyl on silica maintained over 90% mortality at 12% moisture throughout the period”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticidal performance was influenced by physical properties of the dusts, such as particle size, surface area, bulk density and oil/water adsorption capacity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- physical properties such as particle size, surface area, bulk density, and oil/water adsorption capacitye1
- Outcome
- Insecticidal performancee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficacy of amorphous silica dusts, malathion, and pirimiphos methyl was assessed against S. oryzae and T. castaneum in stored wheat under laboratory conditions”
e1“Insecticidal performance was influenced by physical properties such as particle size, surface area, bulk density, and oil/water adsorption capacity”
The same questions in other papers
silicon dioxide · Sitophilus oryzae · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
malathion · Tribolium castaneum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
pirimiphos-methyl · Sitophilus oryzae · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
insecticide · Sitophilus oryzae · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.