Abstract
The study’s objective was to assess the efficacy and to identify the toxic mechanisms of action of some plant-derived monoterpenes and yucca extract as alternatives to chemical insecticides against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Carvone, 1,8-cineole, cuminaldehyde, and linalool, as well as Yucca schidgera extract, were the control agents whose efficacy against the red flour beetle was tested in the laboratory and compared to malathion. The criteria for evaluating efficacy were the effects of the tested compounds on adult mortality and red flour beetle progeny. Furthermore, the effects of the control agents on some enzymes (Acetylcholinesterase, ά-amylase, and alkaline phosphatase) in T. castaneum were investigated. Moreover, the effect of the tested control measures on weight loss of treated wheat grain was studied. The tested substances showed a high ability to control T. castaneum with regard to adult mortality and offspring production, especially when used as fumigants. For adult mortality, malathion showed the highest potential against T. castaneum as a fumigant, followed by carvone, yucca extract, cuminaldehyde, linalool, and 1,8-cineole with LC 50 values of 0.05, 331.5, 365.1, 372.2, 460, and 467.5 mg · 1000 cm –2 after 72 hours, respectively. The highest reduction in progeny was for malathion followed by carvone, linalool, cineole, yucca extract, and cuminaldehyde with reduction percentages of 100, 90, 89.3,79.4 and 65.8%, respectively. The tested compounds significantly affected acetylcholinesterase activity, alpha-amylase activity, and alkaline phosphatase in the red flour beetle. There was no significant reduction in the weight of wheat grains treated with the tested materials compared to the untreated healthy grains. Finally, the tested compounds as fumigants, especially 1,8-cineole, can be considered as effective alternatives to control the red flour beetle.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion showed the highest potential for adult mortality of Tribolium castaneum as a fumigant, followed by carvone, yucca extract, cuminaldehyde, linalool and 1,8-cineole.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- malathione1
- Interactor
- T. castaneum
Tribolium castaneume1pest - Outcome
- adult mortalitye1
- Direction
- highest potentiale1
- Comparator
- carvone, yucca extract, cuminaldehyde, linalool, and 1,8-cineolee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in wheat grain”
e1“For adult mortality, malathion showed the highest potential against T. castaneum as a fumigant, followed by carvone, yucca extract, cuminaldehyde, linalool, and 1,8-cineole with LC 50 values of 0.05, 331.5, 365.1, 372.2, 460, and 467.5”
Claim · model-written summary
The LC50 values after 72 hours were 0.05, 331.5, 365.1, 372.2, 460 and 467.5 mg per 1000 cm-2 for malathion, carvone, yucca extract, cuminaldehyde, linalool and 1,8-cineole, respectively.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- T. castaneumTribolium castaneume1pest
- Outcome
- LC 50 valuese1
- Value
- 0.05, 331.5, 365.1, 372.2, 460, and 467.5e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in wheat grain”
e1“For adult mortality, malathion showed the highest potential against T. castaneum as a fumigant, followed by carvone, yucca extract, cuminaldehyde, linalool, and 1,8-cineole with LC 50 values of 0.05, 331.5, 365.1, 372.2, 460, and 467.5”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion gave the highest reduction in progeny, with reductions of 100, 90, 89.3, 79.4 and 65.8% for the six agents in the stated order.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- malathione2
- Outcome
- reduction in progenye2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 100, 90, 89.3,79.4 and 65.8%e2
- Comparator
- carvone, linalool, cineole, yucca extract, and cuminaldehydee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in wheat grain”
e2“The highest reduction in progeny was for malathion followed by carvone, linalool, cineole, yucca extract, and cuminaldehyde with reduction percentages of 100, 90, 89.3,79.4 and 65.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested compounds significantly affected acetylcholinesterase, alpha-amylase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the red flour beetle.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tested compoundse3
- Interactor
- red flour beetleTribolium castaneume3pest
- Outcome
- acetylcholinesterase activity, alpha-amylase activity, and alkaline phosphatasee3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in wheat grain”
e3“The tested compounds significantly affected acetylcholinesterase activity, alpha-amylase activity, and alkaline phosphatase in the red flour beetle”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated wheat grains showed no significant reduction in weight compared with untreated healthy grains.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- tested materialse4
- Outcome
- weight of wheat grainse4
- Direction
- no significant reductione4
- Comparator
- untreated healthy grainse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“There was no significant reduction in the weight of wheat grains treated with the tested materials compared to the untreated healthy grains”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested substances, especially as fumigants, showed a high ability to control adult mortality and offspring production of Tribolium castaneum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fumigantse0
- Interactor
- T. castaneumTribolium castaneume0pest
- Outcome
- adult mortality and offspring productione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in wheat grain”
e0“The tested substances showed a high ability to control T. castaneum with regard to adult mortality and offspring production, especially when used as fumigants”
Claim · model-written summary
1,8-cineole used as a fumigant can be considered an effective alternative to control the red flour beetle.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- control the red flour beetlee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in wheat grain”
e5“the tested compounds as fumigants, especially 1,8-cineole, can be considered as effective alternatives to control the red flour beetle”
The same questions in other papers
malathion · Tribolium castaneum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
malathion · pest · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.