Abstract
The present work aimed to study the efficacy of some inert dusts, i.e., calcium carbonate (Caco3), white cement, black cement, sand, espidage, phosphate rock, sulfur flowers, talc powder (Mgo), animal dung ash, zinc dust, diatomaceous earth (DE), silica gel and katel-sous (Ks) against adults of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) on two grain hosts (wheat and rice) comparing with the organophosphorous insecticide malathion. The results indicated that adult mortality was concentration and exposure period dependent. The most effective dust was katel-sous (Ks) powder. The next effective dust was black cement, the other tested materials recorded different percentages of cumulative mortality and could be arranged descendingly according to their efficiency as follows: sulfur flowers dust, diatomaceous earth, white cement, phosphate rock, zinc dust, animal dung ash, espidage, calcium carbonate, talc dust, sand and silica gel dust. The order of efficiency of these dusts was changed when tested on rice grain. The number of progenies descended from adults of S. oryzae that survived with the tested dusts for a period of 15 days on wheat and rice grains were influenced significantly by the type of dusts. The lowest number of progeny was produced by the survivors of sulfur dust. The highest number of progenies was recorded for the insects of control. The tested materials affected significantly the grain weight loss. Sulfur dust was the most effective protectants as it reduced the grain weight loss to the lowest value. The least effective dust in reducing grain weight loss was silica gel dust. On rice grains the percentages of grain weight loss were generally less than those of wheat grains because the rice grains were less preferable for breeding this insect, so, the numbers of produced progenies were less than those on wheat. All tested dusts attained some protection to treated grains, therefore, germination of grains treated with these dusts was generally increased.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Adult rice weevil mortality depended on dust concentration and exposure period.
- Taxon
- wheat and rice grains
Oryza sativa
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- concentration and exposure periode0
- Interactor
- rice weevil
Sitophilus oryzaet0pest - Outcome
- adult mortalitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adult mortality was concentration and exposure period dependent.”
t0“rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) ON WHEAT AND RICE GRAINS”
Claim · model-written summary
Katel-sous was the most effective dust against adult rice weevils.
- Taxon
- wheat and rice grainsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- katel-sous (Ks) powdere0
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaet0pest
- Outcome
- most effectivee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective dust was katel-sous (Ks) powder.”
t0“rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) ON WHEAT AND RICE GRAINS”
Claim · model-written summary
Black cement ranked second among the dusts against adult rice weevils.
- Taxon
- wheat and rice grainsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- black cemente0
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaet0pest
- Outcome
- next effectivee0
- Direction
- next effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The next effective dust was black cement”
t0“rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) ON WHEAT AND RICE GRAINS”
Claim · model-written summary
The remaining dusts had differing cumulative mortality rankings on wheat grain.
- Taxon
- wheat and rice grainsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaet0pest
- Outcome
- different percentages of cumulative mortalitye0
- Direction
- descendinglye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the other tested materials recorded different percentages of cumulative mortality and could be arranged descendingly according to their efficiency as follows: sulfur flowers dust, diatomaceous earth, white cement, phosphate rock, zinc dust, animal dung ash, espidage, calcium carbonate, talc dust, sand and silica gel dust.”
t0“rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) ON WHEAT AND RICE GRAINS”
Claim · model-written summary
Dust efficiency ranking changed on rice grain.
- Taxon
- rice grainOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaet0pest
- Outcome
- order of efficiencye0
- Direction
- changede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The order of efficiency of these dusts was changed when tested on rice grain.”
t0“rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) ON WHEAT AND RICE GRAINS”
Claim · model-written summary
Dust type significantly influenced rice weevil progeny after 15 days on wheat and rice grain.
- Taxon
- wheat and rice grainsOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tested dustse0
- Interactor
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0pest
- Outcome
- number of progenies descended from adults of S. oryzaee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of progenies descended from adults of S. oryzae that survived with the tested dusts for a period of 15 days on wheat and rice grains were influenced significantly by the type of dusts.”
Claim · model-written summary
Surviving rice weevils produced the fewest progeny after sulfur dust treatment.
- Taxon
- wheat and rice grainsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulfur duste0
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaet0pest
- Outcome
- number of progenye0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest number of progeny was produced by the survivors of sulfur dust.”
t0“rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) ON WHEAT AND RICE GRAINS”
Claim · model-written summary
Control insects produced the most progeny.
- Taxon
- wheat and rice grainsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaet0pest
- Outcome
- number of progeniese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest number of progenies was recorded for the insects of control.”
t0“rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) ON WHEAT AND RICE GRAINS”
Claim · model-written summary
Tested materials significantly affected grain weight loss.
- Taxon
- wheat and rice grainsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tested materialse0
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaet0pest
- Outcome
- grain weight losse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tested materials affected significantly the grain weight loss.”
t0“rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) ON WHEAT AND RICE GRAINS”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur dust reduced grain weight loss to the lowest level.
- Taxon
- wheat and rice grainsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sulfur duste0
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaet0pest
- Outcome
- grain weight losse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur dust was the most effective protectants as it reduced the grain weight loss to the lowest value.”
t0“rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) ON WHEAT AND RICE GRAINS”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica gel dust was least effective at reducing grain weight loss.
- Taxon
- wheat and rice grainsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- silica gel duste0
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaet0pest
- Outcome
- grain weight losse0
- Direction
- least effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The least effective dust in reducing grain weight loss was silica gel dust.”
t0“rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) ON WHEAT AND RICE GRAINS”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain lost less weight than wheat grain.
- Taxon
- rice grainsOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaet0pest
- Outcome
- percentages of grain weight losse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- wheat grainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On rice grains the percentages of grain weight loss were generally less than those of wheat grains”
t0“rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) ON WHEAT AND RICE GRAINS”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice weevil produced fewer progeny on rice than wheat grain.
- Taxon
- rice grainsOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaet0pest
- Outcome
- numbers of produced progeniese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the numbers of produced progenies were less than those on wheat.”
t0“rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) ON WHEAT AND RICE GRAINS”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested dusts gave some grain protection.
- Taxon
- wheat and rice grainsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tested dustse0
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaet0pest
- Outcome
- some protection to treated grainse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All tested dusts attained some protection to treated grains”
t0“rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) ON WHEAT AND RICE GRAINS”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain germination was generally increased by dust treatment.
- Taxon
- wheat and rice grainsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- these dustse0
- Interactor
- rice weevilSitophilus oryzaet0pest
- Outcome
- germination of grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination of grains treated with these dusts was generally increased.”
t0“rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) ON WHEAT AND RICE GRAINS”
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