Abstract
• Drought priming enhances photosynthesis and antioxidant defenses to improve drought tolerance. • Spike development is stabilized to promote floret differentiation and fertility under drought through priming. • Optimized carbon metabolism and hormones support stress adaptation and yield improvement. Drought stress is a significant environmental stressor that can have detrimental effects on crop yields, especially during stem elongation. Drought priming has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing plant drought tolerance. However, the effects of drought priming on the differentiation process of spike and its physiological basis of wheat are not clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of drought priming on the development of spike under drought stress by applying drought priming at the three-leaf stage and drought stress during stem elongation. Our study demonstrated that drought priming significantly increased the photosynthetic rate of flag leaves by approximately 25.7% and improved leaf water potential by 17.4% during drought stress. Moreover, it mitigated oxidative damage, reducing hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels by 30.6 and 11.1%, respectively, during stem elongation. Drought priming also markedly enhanced the activity of key carbon metabolism enzymes, hexokinase and fructokinase, by 170.0 and 236.0%, respectively. This improved carbon metabolism stabilized spike differentiation, leading to increased spikelet and floret primordia formation. Ultimately, drought priming achieved a 13.8% increase in kernel number per spike, demonstrating its potential to improve grain yield under drought conditions. This study innovatively reveals the “carbon homeostasis-spike development” coordination mechanism underlying drought priming-enhanced reproductive stress tolerance. The findings advance our understanding of stress memory spatiotemporal regulation in crops and offer transformative solutions for stabilizing wheat production under climate change scenarios.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Drought priming increased flag-leaf photosynthetic rate by approximately 25.7% during drought.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- drought priminge0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate of flag leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- approximately 25.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought priming significantly increased the photosynthetic rate of flag leaves by approximately 25.7% and improved leaf water potential by 17.4% during drought stress”
t0“Drought priming enhances young spike development in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought priming improved leaf water potential by 17.4% during drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- drought priminge0
- Outcome
- leaf water potentiale0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 17.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought priming significantly increased the photosynthetic rate of flag leaves by approximately 25.7% and improved leaf water potential by 17.4% during drought stress”
t0“Drought priming enhances young spike development in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought priming reduced hydrogen peroxide by 30.6% during stem elongation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- stem elongatione0
- Treatment
- Drought primingt0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 30.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels by 30.6 and 11.1%, respectively, during stem elongation”
t0“Drought priming enhances young spike development in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought priming reduced malondialdehyde levels by 11.1% during stem elongation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought primingt0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde levelse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 11.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels by 30.6 and 11.1%, respectively, during stem elongation”
t0“Drought priming enhances young spike development in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought priming enhanced hexokinase activity by 170.0%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought priminge0
- Gene
- hexokinasee0
- Outcome
- activity of key carbon metabolism enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 170.0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought priming also markedly enhanced the activity of key carbon metabolism enzymes, hexokinase and fructokinase, by 170.0 and 236.0%, respectively”
t0“Drought priming enhances young spike development in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought priming enhanced fructokinase activity by 236.0%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought priminge0
- Gene
- fructokinasee0
- Outcome
- activity of key carbon metabolism enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 236.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought priming also markedly enhanced the activity of key carbon metabolism enzymes, hexokinase and fructokinase, by 170.0 and 236.0%, respectively”
t0“Drought priming enhances young spike development in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved carbon metabolism stabilized spike differentiation and increased spikelet and floret primordia formation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- increased spikelet and floret primordia formatione0
- Qualifier
- improved carbon metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This improved carbon metabolism stabilized spike differentiation, leading to increased spikelet and floret primordia formation”
t0“Drought priming enhances young spike development in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought priming increased kernel number per spike by 13.8% under drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- drought priminge0
- Outcome
- kernel number per spikee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 13.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought priming achieved a 13.8% increase in kernel number per spike”
t0“Drought priming enhances young spike development in wheat”
The same questions in other papers
seed treatment · physiology: enzyme activity · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →drought · physiology: enzyme activity · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →seed treatment · physiology: water · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →seed treatment · physiology: oxidative · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
45 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
44 papers more in this group
See all 48 papers →seed treatment · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
50 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
48 papers more in this group
See all 52 papers →drought · physiology: oxidative · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 110 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
124 papers more in this group
See all 128 papers →drought · physiology: water · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
59 papers in the same direction as this paper · 146 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
202 papers more in this group
See all 206 papers →drought · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
40 papers in the same direction as this paper · 204 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
242 papers more in this group
See all 246 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.