Abstract
An experiment was conducted in both laboratory (germinative attributes) and field conditions (growth attributes) with completely randomized design (CRD) and randomized block design, respectively, to view the responses of different priming treatments in two wheat varieties: HUW-234 (V1) and BHU-3(V2). In the present study, seeds were primed with water (hydro; T2), Mg (NO3)2 (T3), ZnSO4 (T4), and a combination of both salts (T5). Their carry over effects were observed on the germinative and vegetative phases of growth. All treatments were compared with the performance of nonprimed control seeds (T1). Maximum germination percentage (98.33, 100%) was noted with T3, whereas length of shoot (8.83, 10.23 cm) and root (9.47, 10.73 cm) and their fresh (0.34, 0.45 g) and dry weights (0.05, 0.07 g) were recorded maximum in T5 for both varieties; however, the vigor index I and II showed varietal difference, but primed sets were found always superior with respect to nonprimed control. Study of plant height, leaf number and area, fresh and dry weights of total leaves and stem showed the best performance under combined use of both salts, i.e., Mg (NO3)2 and ZnSO4 as priming agents, followed by ZnSO4, Mg (NO3)2, hydro, and the nonprimed one. The study of biochemical parameters such as protein content and nitrate reductase activity of leaves showed the highest increment in combined priming treatment and increased 63.77, 90.37, 37.44% and 12.81, 5.61, 7.75%, respectively, after 35, 45, and 60 days after sowing. It is likely that chlorophyll, nitrogen, iron, and zinc content also followed a similar pattern and were enhanced in combined priming treatments as compared to nonpriming treatment. Therefore, the result suggests that priming seeds with Mg (NO3)2 and ZnSO4 worked synergistically at varietal level and improved growth attributes at field conditions.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with Mg (NO3)2 gave maximum germination percentage of 98.33 in HUW-234.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- HUW-234e1
- Treatment
- Mg (NO3)2 (T3)e2
- Outcome
- Maximum germination percentagee4
- Direction
- Maximume4
- Value
- 98.33e4
- Comparator
- nonprimed control seeds (T1)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Wheat Varieties”
e1“in two wheat varieties: HUW-234 (V1) and BHU-3(V2)”
e2“seeds were primed with water (hydro; T2), Mg (NO3)2 (T3), ZnSO4 (T4), and a combination of both salts (T5)”
e3“All treatments were compared with the performance of nonprimed control seeds (T1)”
e4“Maximum germination percentage (98.33, 100%) was noted with T3”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with Mg (NO3)2 gave maximum germination percentage of 100% in BHU-3.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- BHU-3e1
- Treatment
- Mg (NO3)2 (T3)e2
- Outcome
- Maximum germination percentagee4
- Direction
- Maximume4
- Value
- 100%e4
- Comparator
- nonprimed control seeds (T1)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Wheat Varieties”
e1“in two wheat varieties: HUW-234 (V1) and BHU-3(V2)”
e2“seeds were primed with water (hydro; T2), Mg (NO3)2 (T3), ZnSO4 (T4), and a combination of both salts (T5)”
e3“All treatments were compared with the performance of nonprimed control seeds (T1)”
e4“Maximum germination percentage (98.33, 100%) was noted with T3”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined priming of both salts gave maximum shoot length of 8.83 cm in HUW-234.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- HUW-234e1
- Treatment
- a combination of both salts (T5)e2
- Outcome
- length of shoote5
- Direction
- recorded maximume5
- Value
- 8.83e5
- Comparator
- nonprimed control seeds (T1)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Wheat Varieties”
e1“in two wheat varieties: HUW-234 (V1) and BHU-3(V2)”
e2“seeds were primed with water (hydro; T2), Mg (NO3)2 (T3), ZnSO4 (T4), and a combination of both salts (T5)”
e3“All treatments were compared with the performance of nonprimed control seeds (T1)”
e5“length of shoot (8.83, 10.23 cm) and root (9.47, 10.73 cm) and their fresh (0.34, 0.45 g) and dry weights (0.05, 0.07 g) were recorded maximum in T5 for both varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined priming of both salts gave maximum shoot length of 10.23 cm in BHU-3.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- BHU-3e1
- Treatment
- a combination of both salts (T5)e2
- Outcome
- length of shoote5
- Direction
- recorded maximume5
- Value
- 10.23e5
- Comparator
- nonprimed control seeds (T1)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Wheat Varieties”
e1“in two wheat varieties: HUW-234 (V1) and BHU-3(V2)”
e2“seeds were primed with water (hydro; T2), Mg (NO3)2 (T3), ZnSO4 (T4), and a combination of both salts (T5)”
e3“All treatments were compared with the performance of nonprimed control seeds (T1)”
e5“length of shoot (8.83, 10.23 cm) and root (9.47, 10.73 cm) and their fresh (0.34, 0.45 g) and dry weights (0.05, 0.07 g) were recorded maximum in T5 for both varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined priming of both salts gave maximum root length of 9.47 cm in HUW-234.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- HUW-234e1
- Treatment
- a combination of both salts (T5)e2
- Outcome
- roote5
- Direction
- recorded maximume5
- Value
- 9.47e5
- Comparator
- nonprimed control seeds (T1)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Wheat Varieties”
e1“in two wheat varieties: HUW-234 (V1) and BHU-3(V2)”
e2“seeds were primed with water (hydro; T2), Mg (NO3)2 (T3), ZnSO4 (T4), and a combination of both salts (T5)”
e3“All treatments were compared with the performance of nonprimed control seeds (T1)”
e5“length of shoot (8.83, 10.23 cm) and root (9.47, 10.73 cm) and their fresh (0.34, 0.45 g) and dry weights (0.05, 0.07 g) were recorded maximum in T5 for both varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined priming of both salts gave maximum root length of 10.73 cm in BHU-3.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- BHU-3e1
- Treatment
- a combination of both salts (T5)e2
- Outcome
- roote5
- Direction
- recorded maximume5
- Value
- 10.73e5
- Comparator
- nonprimed control seeds (T1)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Wheat Varieties”
e1“in two wheat varieties: HUW-234 (V1) and BHU-3(V2)”
e2“seeds were primed with water (hydro; T2), Mg (NO3)2 (T3), ZnSO4 (T4), and a combination of both salts (T5)”
e3“All treatments were compared with the performance of nonprimed control seeds (T1)”
e5“length of shoot (8.83, 10.23 cm) and root (9.47, 10.73 cm) and their fresh (0.34, 0.45 g) and dry weights (0.05, 0.07 g) were recorded maximum in T5 for both varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined priming of both salts gave maximum fresh weight of 0.34 g in HUW-234.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- HUW-234e1
- Treatment
- a combination of both salts (T5)e2
- Outcome
- freshe5
- Direction
- recorded maximume5
- Value
- 0.34e5
- Comparator
- nonprimed control seeds (T1)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Wheat Varieties”
e1“in two wheat varieties: HUW-234 (V1) and BHU-3(V2)”
e2“seeds were primed with water (hydro; T2), Mg (NO3)2 (T3), ZnSO4 (T4), and a combination of both salts (T5)”
e3“All treatments were compared with the performance of nonprimed control seeds (T1)”
e5“length of shoot (8.83, 10.23 cm) and root (9.47, 10.73 cm) and their fresh (0.34, 0.45 g) and dry weights (0.05, 0.07 g) were recorded maximum in T5 for both varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined priming of both salts gave maximum fresh weight of 0.45 g in BHU-3.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- BHU-3e1
- Treatment
- a combination of both salts (T5)e2
- Outcome
- freshe5
- Direction
- recorded maximume5
- Value
- 0.45e5
- Comparator
- nonprimed control seeds (T1)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Wheat Varieties”
e1“in two wheat varieties: HUW-234 (V1) and BHU-3(V2)”
e2“seeds were primed with water (hydro; T2), Mg (NO3)2 (T3), ZnSO4 (T4), and a combination of both salts (T5)”
e3“All treatments were compared with the performance of nonprimed control seeds (T1)”
e5“length of shoot (8.83, 10.23 cm) and root (9.47, 10.73 cm) and their fresh (0.34, 0.45 g) and dry weights (0.05, 0.07 g) were recorded maximum in T5 for both varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined priming of both salts gave maximum dry weight of 0.05 g in HUW-234.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- HUW-234e1
- Treatment
- a combination of both salts (T5)e2
- Outcome
- dry weightse5
- Direction
- recorded maximume5
- Value
- 0.05e5
- Comparator
- nonprimed control seeds (T1)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Wheat Varieties”
e1“in two wheat varieties: HUW-234 (V1) and BHU-3(V2)”
e2“seeds were primed with water (hydro; T2), Mg (NO3)2 (T3), ZnSO4 (T4), and a combination of both salts (T5)”
e3“All treatments were compared with the performance of nonprimed control seeds (T1)”
e5“length of shoot (8.83, 10.23 cm) and root (9.47, 10.73 cm) and their fresh (0.34, 0.45 g) and dry weights (0.05, 0.07 g) were recorded maximum in T5 for both varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined priming of both salts gave maximum dry weight of 0.07 g in BHU-3.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- BHU-3e1
- Treatment
- a combination of both salts (T5)e2
- Outcome
- dry weightse5
- Direction
- recorded maximume5
- Value
- 0.07e5
- Comparator
- nonprimed control seeds (T1)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Wheat Varieties”
e1“in two wheat varieties: HUW-234 (V1) and BHU-3(V2)”
e2“seeds were primed with water (hydro; T2), Mg (NO3)2 (T3), ZnSO4 (T4), and a combination of both salts (T5)”
e3“All treatments were compared with the performance of nonprimed control seeds (T1)”
e5“length of shoot (8.83, 10.23 cm) and root (9.47, 10.73 cm) and their fresh (0.34, 0.45 g) and dry weights (0.05, 0.07 g) were recorded maximum in T5 for both varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined use of both salts as priming agents gave the best performance in plant height, leaf number and area, and fresh and dry weights of leaves and stem.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined use of both salts, i.e., Mg (NO3)2 and ZnSO4 as priming agentse7
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf number and area, fresh and dry weights of total leaves and steme7
- Direction
- best performancee7
- Comparator
- the nonprimed onee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Wheat Varieties”
e7“Study of plant height, leaf number and area, fresh and dry weights of total leaves and stem showed the best performance under combined use of both salts, i.e., Mg (NO3)2 and ZnSO4 as priming agents”
e4“followed by ZnSO4, Mg (NO3)2, hydro, and the nonprimed one”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined priming increased protein content, with maximum increments of 63.77, 90.37 and 37.44% after 35, 45 and 60 days after sowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined priming treatmente4
- Outcome
- protein contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 63.77, 90.37, 37.44%e4
- Qualifier
- after 35, 45, and 60 days after sowinge4
- Comparator
- nonprimed control seeds (T1)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Wheat Varieties”
e3“All treatments were compared with the performance of nonprimed control seeds (T1)”
e4“protein content and nitrate reductase activity of leaves showed the highest increment in combined priming treatment and increased 63.77, 90.37, 37.44% and 12.81, 5.61, 7.75%, respectively, after 35, 45, and 60 days after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined priming increased nitrate reductase activity of leaves, with increments of 12.81, 5.61 and 7.75%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined priming treatmente4
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase activity of leavese4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 12.81, 5.61, 7.75%e4
- Qualifier
- after 35, 45, and 60 days after sowinge4
- Comparator
- nonprimed control seeds (T1)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Wheat Varieties”
e3“All treatments were compared with the performance of nonprimed control seeds (T1)”
e4“protein content and nitrate reductase activity of leaves showed the highest increment in combined priming treatment and increased 63.77, 90.37, 37.44% and 12.81, 5.61, 7.75%, respectively, after 35, 45, and 60 days after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Primed seeds were superior to nonprimed control seeds for vigor index I and II, although the vigor index differed between varieties.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- primed setse6
- Outcome
- vigor index I and IIe6
- Direction
- superiore6
- Comparator
- nonprimed controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Wheat Varieties”
e6“however, the vigor index I and II showed varietal difference, but primed sets were found always superior with respect to nonprimed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll, nitrogen, iron and zinc content were likely enhanced in combined priming treatments compared with nonpriming treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined priming treatmentse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll, nitrogen, iron, and zinc contente1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Comparator
- nonpriming treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Wheat Varieties”
e1“It is likely that chlorophyll, nitrogen, iron, and zinc content also followed a similar pattern and were enhanced in combined priming treatments as compared to nonpriming treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming seeds with Mg (NO3)2 and ZnSO4 worked synergistically at varietal level and improved growth attributes at field conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- priming seeds with Mg (NO3)2 and ZnSO4e4
- Outcome
- improved growth attributese4
- Direction
- improvede4
- Comparator
- nonprimed control seeds (T1)e3
- Setting
- field conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Wheat Varieties”
e3“All treatments were compared with the performance of nonprimed control seeds (T1)”
e4“the result suggests that priming seeds with Mg (NO3)2 and ZnSO4 worked synergistically at varietal level and improved growth attributes at field conditions”
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