Abstract
Weak flavor in flue-cured tobacco compromises quality, making aroma enhancement crucial. Sesame cake fertilizer (SF) has the potential for improving tobacco aroma, but its effects on aroma components and mechanism remain unclear. Here, a four-year field experiment was conducted in Southern tobacco region of China to compare SF with conventional fertilization (CK). We investigated how SF influences soil quality, root and leaf development, aroma precursor accumulation, and volatile aroma composition to enhance tobacco aroma quality. Our results indicated that SF improved soil structure, pH, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). It promoted root growth, dry matter accumulation, and root activity and CEC. Leaf photosynthesis and plastid pigment content increased due to enhanced chloroplast ultrastructure. SF also boosted glandular trichome density and secretion, leading to higher aroma precursor accumulation, particularly cembratriene-diol. After curing, 17 of 18 differential volatile aroma substances were upregulated, including carotenoids, cembratriendid alkyl degradation products, esters, terpenes, and heterocyclic compounds. Further, SF significantly increased sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco by promoting aroma quality and volume, and electronic nose analysis also confirmed this. Therefore, SF improves tobacco aroma by enhancing soil health, root growth, and leaf precursor formation. The "soil-root-leaf-differential aroma substances" framework highlights its role in increasing carotenoid and cembratriene-diol content, contributing to higher volatile aroma concentrations. This study highlights the potential of SF as a sustainable agricultural product for improving soil health and tobacco quality.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Sesame cake fertilizer improved soil structure, pH, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- SFe0
- Outcome
- soil structure, pH, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity (CEC)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- conventional fertilization (CK)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SF improved soil structure, pH, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity (CEC).”
e1“compare SF with conventional fertilization (CK)”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesame cake fertilizer promoted tobacco root growth, dry matter accumulation, and root activity and CEC.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- SFe1
- Outcome
- root growth, dry matter accumulation, and root activity and CECe0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- conventional fertilization (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It promoted root growth, dry matter accumulation, and root activity and CEC.”
e1“Sesame cake fertilizer (SF)”
e2“compare SF with conventional fertilization (CK)”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesame cake fertilizer increased leaf photosynthesis and plastid pigment content, attributed to enhanced chloroplast ultrastructure.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- Leafe0
- Treatment
- SFe1
- Outcome
- Leaf photosynthesis and plastid pigment contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- enhanced chloroplast ultrastructuree0
- Comparator
- conventional fertilization (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf photosynthesis and plastid pigment content increased due to enhanced chloroplast ultrastructure.”
e1“Sesame cake fertilizer (SF)”
e2“compare SF with conventional fertilization (CK)”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesame cake fertilizer boosted glandular trichome density and secretion.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- SFe0
- Outcome
- glandular trichome density and secretione0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Comparator
- conventional fertilization (CK)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SF also boosted glandular trichome density and secretion”
e1“compare SF with conventional fertilization (CK)”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesame cake fertilizer raised aroma precursor accumulation, particularly cembratriene-diol.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- SFe1
- Outcome
- aroma precursor accumulation, particularly cembratriene-diole0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- conventional fertilization (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher aroma precursor accumulation, particularly cembratriene-diol”
e1“SF also boosted glandular trichome density and secretion, leading to higher aroma precursor accumulation”
e2“compare SF with conventional fertilization (CK)”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
After curing, 17 of 18 differential volatile aroma substances were upregulated with sesame cake fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- SFe1
- Outcome
- differential volatile aroma substancese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 17 of 18e0
- Qualifier
- After curinge0
- Comparator
- conventional fertilization (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After curing, 17 of 18 differential volatile aroma substances were upregulated, including carotenoids, cembratriendid alkyl degradation products, esters, terpenes, and heterocyclic compounds.”
e1“Sesame cake fertilizer (SF)”
e2“compare SF with conventional fertilization (CK)”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesame cake fertilizer significantly increased sensory quality of cured tobacco through aroma quality and volume, supported by electronic nose analysis.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- SFe0
- Outcome
- sensory qualitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- electronic nose analysis also confirmed thise0
- Comparator
- conventional fertilization (CK)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SF significantly increased sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco by promoting aroma quality and volume, and electronic nose analysis also confirmed this.”
e1“compare SF with conventional fertilization (CK)”
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