Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress that significantly reduces crop yields worldwide.Potassium possesses an excellent potential to induce abiotic stress tolerance in plants.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of potassium on salt tolerance in salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant soybean cultivars.The study was included salinity stress along with potassium levels (control, 60 mM NaCl, 120 mM NaCl, 60 mM NaCl + 6 mM K, 60 mM NaCl + 9 mM K, 120 mM NaCl + 6 mM K, and 120 mM NaCl + 9 mM K) and soybean cultivars: William 82, Ajmeri, AARI 62, and AARI 13.Salinity caused a profound decrease in growth and biomass production by decreasing relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and increasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.The exogenous application of K mitigated the adversities of salinity which was linked with improved relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, inter-cellular CO2 concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and decreasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.Cultivar AARI 62 was identified as salt-tolerant, whereas cultivar Ajmeri was salt-sensitive.In conclusion, potassium application mitigates the adverse effects of salinity on soybeans by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant activity, and ionic homeostasis.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased growth.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity caused a profound decrease in growth and biomass production by decreasing relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and increasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased biomass production.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- biomass productione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity caused a profound decrease in growth and biomass production by decreasing relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and increasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased relative water contents (RWC).
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- relative water contents (RWC)e0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity caused a profound decrease in growth and biomass production by decreasing relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and increasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased chlorophyll contents.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity caused a profound decrease in growth and biomass production by decreasing relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and increasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased membrane stability index.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- membrane stability indexe0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity caused a profound decrease in growth and biomass production by decreasing relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and increasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased leaf area.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity caused a profound decrease in growth and biomass production by decreasing relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and increasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity caused a profound decrease in growth and biomass production by decreasing relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and increasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased transpiration rate.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity caused a profound decrease in growth and biomass production by decreasing relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and increasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased stomata conductance.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- stomata conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity caused a profound decrease in growth and biomass production by decreasing relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and increasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity caused a profound decrease in growth and biomass production by decreasing relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and increasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased potassium (K) accumulation.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- potassium (K) accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity caused a profound decrease in growth and biomass production by decreasing relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and increasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased sodium (Na) and Na/K.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- sodium (Na) and Na/Ke0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity caused a profound decrease in growth and biomass production by decreasing relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and increasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous K under salinity improved relative water contents (RWC).
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of Ke0
- Outcome
- relative water contents (RWC)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The exogenous application of K mitigated the adversities of salinity which was linked with improved relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, inter-cellular CO2 concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and decreasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous K under salinity improved chlorophyll contents.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of Ke0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The exogenous application of K mitigated the adversities of salinity which was linked with improved relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, inter-cellular CO2 concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and decreasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous K under salinity improved membrane stability index.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of Ke0
- Outcome
- membrane stability indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The exogenous application of K mitigated the adversities of salinity which was linked with improved relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, inter-cellular CO2 concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and decreasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous K under salinity improved leaf area.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of Ke0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The exogenous application of K mitigated the adversities of salinity which was linked with improved relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, inter-cellular CO2 concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and decreasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous K under salinity improved photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of Ke0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The exogenous application of K mitigated the adversities of salinity which was linked with improved relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, inter-cellular CO2 concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and decreasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous K under salinity improved transpiration rate.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of Ke0
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The exogenous application of K mitigated the adversities of salinity which was linked with improved relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, inter-cellular CO2 concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and decreasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous K under salinity improved stomata conductance.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of Ke0
- Outcome
- stomata conductancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The exogenous application of K mitigated the adversities of salinity which was linked with improved relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, inter-cellular CO2 concentration, potassium (K) accumulation and decreasing accumulation of sodium (Na) and Na/K.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
AARI 62 was identified as salt tolerant while Ajmeri was salt sensitive.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Material
- AARI 62e0
- Outcome
- salt-tolerante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivar AARI 62 was identified as salt-tolerant, whereas cultivar Ajmeri was salt-sensitive.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.