Abstract
Abstract Soybean is an important crop worldwide. Soybean cultivars differ in their sensitivity to soil salinity and herbicide damage. In these experiments, we examined the impact of salinization and herbicide (imazethapyr and chlorimuron) application on the growth and yield of two soybean cultivars, Essex and Manokin. Experiments were conducted in small pots in the greenhouse, in outdoor sand cultures, and in drip‐irrigated field plots. Plants were irrigated with non‐saline water or saline water (electrical conductivity, EC=7 dS/m) with a composition typical of those in areas affected by sulfate‐dominated salinity. Morphological changes resulted from herbicide application, including leaf elongation and formation of large shoots at the cotyledonary node. Herbicide treatment significantly reduced main stem height, number of nodes on the main stem, and stem diameter relative to the controls (not treated with herbicide); responses from the two herbicides were not significantly different. Salinity had a significant effect on seed weight: yield for “Essex” (a Cl accumulator) was significantly higher when irrigated with fresh water, while yield for “Manokin” (a Cl excluder) was significantly larger for plants irrigated with saline water. Yield for “Essex” was greater than that for “Manokin” when the plants were irrigated with fresh water; but at the higher irrigation water salinity (7 dS/m), “Manokin” produced significantly greater yield than “Essex.” Although herbicide application significantly impacted several growth variables, herbicide treatment had no significant impact on yield.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides caused leaf elongation and large shoots at the cotyledonary node.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- herbicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- leaf elongation and formation of large shoots at the cotyledonary nodee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Morphological changes resulted from herbicide application, including leaf elongation and formation of large shoots at the cotyledonary node.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides significantly reduced main stem height, node number, and stem diameter versus untreated controls.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Herbicide treatmente0
- Outcome
- main stem height, number of nodes on the main stem, and stem diametere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controls (not treated with herbicide)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide treatment significantly reduced main stem height, number of nodes on the main stem, and stem diameter relative to the controls (not treated with herbicide); responses from the two herbicides were not significantly different.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The two herbicides did not differ significantly in growth responses.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- two herbicidese0
- Outcome
- responses from the two herbicidese0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide treatment significantly reduced main stem height, number of nodes on the main stem, and stem diameter relative to the controls (not treated with herbicide); responses from the two herbicides were not significantly different.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Essex yield was significantly higher under fresh water than saline water.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Essexe0
- Treatment
- fresh watere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- saline watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity had a significant effect on seed weight: yield for “Essex” (a Cl accumulator) was significantly higher when irrigated with fresh water, while yield for “Manokin” (a Cl excluder) was significantly larger for plants irrigated with saline water.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Manokin yield was significantly higher under saline water than fresh water.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Manokine0
- Treatment
- saline watere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- fresh watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity had a significant effect on seed weight: yield for “Essex” (a Cl accumulator) was significantly higher when irrigated with fresh water, while yield for “Manokin” (a Cl excluder) was significantly larger for plants irrigated with saline water.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
With fresh water, Essex yielded more than Manokin.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Essexe0
- Treatment
- fresh watere0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- Manokine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield for “Essex” was greater than that for “Manokin” when the plants were irrigated with fresh water; but at the higher irrigation water salinity (7 dS/m), “Manokin” produced significantly greater yield than “Essex.””
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
At 7 dS/m, Manokin yielded significantly more than Essex.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Manokine0
- Treatment
- higher irrigation water salinity (7 dS/m)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- Essexe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield for “Essex” was greater than that for “Manokin” when the plants were irrigated with fresh water; but at the higher irrigation water salinity (7 dS/m), “Manokin” produced significantly greater yield than “Essex.””
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application had no significant impact on yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no significant impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although herbicide application significantly impacted several growth variables, herbicide treatment had no significant impact on yield.”
t0“Soybean”
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