Abstract
The Yangtze River Basin serves as the primary rapeseed-producing region in China, accounting for over 80% of the national output, yet it is severely impacted by waterlogging, resulting in yield reductions of 17–42.4%. This study investigated the effects of pelleting treatments on growth and waterlogging resistance in Brassica napus varieties Xiangzayou 787 and Fanmingyoutai. Conventional pelleting agents were augmented with waterlogging resistance agents, surfactants, and amino acids as growth-promoting reagents. The results demonstrated that melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance. Specifically, for Xiangzayou 787, root fresh weight increased by 16.9% and stem diameter by 30.6%; for Fanmingyoutai, stem diameter increased by 16.9% and leaf length by 12.3%. The freezing injury index decreased by 90.9% for Xiangzayou 787 and 50% for Fanmingyoutai. The waterlogging injury index was reduced by 43.5% for Xiangzayou 787 and 30.4% for Fanmingyoutai, with stem diameter increasing by 30.6% and 16.5% in the respective varieties. The disease index decreased by 63.2% for Xiangzayou 787 (incidence reduced to 20.5%) and up to 57.1% for Fanmingyoutai (incidence reduced to 23.3%). Under this treatment, soluble protein content in Fanmingyoutai reached 20.37%, representing a 20.37% increase relative to the control. Peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities exceeded control levels, exhibiting an initial rise followed by a decline; malondialdehyde (MDA) content gradually increased; catalase (CAT) activity and soluble protein content showed an initial increase then decrease. The increase in relative electrical conductivity was reduced by 20.8% for Xiangzayou 787 and 17.3% for Fanmingyoutai. Yield per plant increased by 10.2% for Xiangzayou 787 and 35.6% for Fanmingyoutai. The newly developed pelleting formulation integrates waterlogging resistance agents, surfactants, and amino acids, unlike traditional agents, and proves effective for both hybrid and conventional rapeseed varieties. It enhances waterlogging resistance, promotes growth, improves disease resistance, and elevates seed quality while being cost-effective and simple for production and field application. This approach significantly boosts yield and supports productivity enhancement in southern rice fields, thereby improving rapeseed output and oil supply.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin at 5.0×10-5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance
- Taxon
- Brassica napus
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Treatment
- melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/Le1
- Outcome
- growth and stress resistancee1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Root fresh weight of Xiangzayou 787 increased by 16.9% under melatonin pelleting
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- Xiangzayou 787e2
- Organ / stage
- roote2
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 16.9%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e2“for Xiangzayou 787, root fresh weight increased by 16.9% and stem diameter by 30.6%”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem diameter of Xiangzayou 787 increased by 30.6% under melatonin pelleting
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- Xiangzayou 787e2
- Organ / stage
- steme2
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- stem diametere2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 30.6%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e2“for Xiangzayou 787, root fresh weight increased by 16.9% and stem diameter by 30.6%”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem diameter of Fanmingyoutai increased by 16.9% under melatonin pelleting
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- Fanmingyoutaie3
- Organ / stage
- steme3
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- stem diametere3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 16.9%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e3“for Fanmingyoutai, stem diameter increased by 16.9% and leaf length by 12.3%”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf length of Fanmingyoutai increased by 12.3% under melatonin pelleting
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- Fanmingyoutaie3
- Organ / stage
- leafe3
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- leaf lengthe3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 12.3%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e3“for Fanmingyoutai, stem diameter increased by 16.9% and leaf length by 12.3%”
Claim · model-written summary
Freezing injury index of Xiangzayou 787 decreased by 90.9% under melatonin pelleting
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- Xiangzayou 787e4
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- freezing injury indexe4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 90.9%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e4“The freezing injury index decreased by 90.9% for Xiangzayou 787 and 50% for Fanmingyoutai”
Claim · model-written summary
Freezing injury index of Fanmingyoutai decreased by 50% under melatonin pelleting
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- Fanmingyoutaie4
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- freezing injury indexe4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 50%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e4“The freezing injury index decreased by 90.9% for Xiangzayou 787 and 50% for Fanmingyoutai”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging injury index of Xiangzayou 787 was reduced by 43.5% under melatonin pelleting
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- Xiangzayou 787e5
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- waterlogging injury indexe5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 43.5%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e5“The waterlogging injury index was reduced by 43.5% for Xiangzayou 787 and 30.4% for Fanmingyoutai, with stem diameter increasing by 30.6% and 16.5% in the respective varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging injury index of Fanmingyoutai was reduced by 30.4% under melatonin pelleting
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- Fanmingyoutaie5
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- waterlogging injury indexe5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 30.4%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e5“The waterlogging injury index was reduced by 43.5% for Xiangzayou 787 and 30.4% for Fanmingyoutai, with stem diameter increasing by 30.6% and 16.5% in the respective varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem diameter increased by 30.6% under waterlogging with melatonin pelleting, and by 16.5% in the other variety
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Organ / stage
- steme5
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- stem diametere5
- Direction
- increasinge5
- Value
- 30.6%e5
- Qualifier
- 16.5% in the respective varietiese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e5“The waterlogging injury index was reduced by 43.5% for Xiangzayou 787 and 30.4% for Fanmingyoutai, with stem diameter increasing by 30.6% and 16.5% in the respective varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease index of Xiangzayou 787 decreased by 63.2% under melatonin pelleting
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- Xiangzayou 787e6
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- disease indexe6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 63.2%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e6“The disease index decreased by 63.2% for Xiangzayou 787 (incidence reduced to 20.5%) and up to 57.1% for Fanmingyoutai (incidence reduced to 23.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease index of Fanmingyoutai decreased by 57.1% under melatonin pelleting
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- Fanmingyoutaie6
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- disease indexe6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 57.1%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e6“The disease index decreased by 63.2% for Xiangzayou 787 (incidence reduced to 20.5%) and up to 57.1% for Fanmingyoutai (incidence reduced to 23.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Incidence of disease was reduced to 20.5% in Xiangzayou 787 and 23.3% in Fanmingyoutai under melatonin pelleting
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- incidencee6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 20.5%e6
- Qualifier
- 23.3%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e6“The disease index decreased by 63.2% for Xiangzayou 787 (incidence reduced to 20.5%) and up to 57.1% for Fanmingyoutai (incidence reduced to 23.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble protein content of Fanmingyoutai reached 20.37%, a 20.37% increase over the control
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- Fanmingyoutaie7
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- soluble protein contente7
- Direction
- increasee7
- Value
- 20.37%e7
- Comparator
- the controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e7“soluble protein content in Fanmingyoutai reached 20.37%, representing a 20.37% increase relative to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Increase in relative electrical conductivity was reduced by 20.8% in Xiangzayou 787 under melatonin pelleting
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- Xiangzayou 787e2
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- increase in relative electrical conductivitye2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 20.8%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e2“The increase in relative electrical conductivity was reduced by 20.8% for Xiangzayou 787 and 17.3% for Fanmingyoutai”
Claim · model-written summary
Increase in relative electrical conductivity was reduced by 17.3% in Fanmingyoutai under melatonin pelleting
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- Fanmingyoutaie2
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- increase in relative electrical conductivitye2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 17.3%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e2“The increase in relative electrical conductivity was reduced by 20.8% for Xiangzayou 787 and 17.3% for Fanmingyoutai”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield per plant increased by 10.2% in Xiangzayou 787 and 35.6% in Fanmingyoutai under melatonin pelleting
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- Xiangzayou 787e2
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- Yield per plante2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 10.2%e2
- Qualifier
- 35.6%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e2“Yield per plant increased by 10.2% for Xiangzayou 787 and 35.6% for Fanmingyoutai”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities exceeded control levels, with an initial rise followed by a decline
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- Peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitiese2
- Direction
- exceedede2
- Comparator
- control levelse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e2“Peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities exceeded control levels, exhibiting an initial rise followed by a decline”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase activity and soluble protein content showed an initial increase then decrease under melatonin pelleting
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT) activity and soluble protein contente2
- Direction
- initial increase then decreasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e2“catalase (CAT) activity and soluble protein content showed an initial increase then decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
Malondialdehyde content gradually increased under melatonin pelleting
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contente2
- Direction
- gradually increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“melatonin at 5.0×10−5 mol/L significantly enhanced rapeseed growth and stress resistance”
e2“malondialdehyde (MDA) content gradually increased”
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