Paper · 2026 · New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

Modulation in Growth, Yield, Water Relations, and Mineral Nutrients of Canola ( Brassica napus L.) by Foliar Application of Melatonin and Ascorbic Acid Under Salinity Stress

Tahrim Ramzan; Muhammad Shahbaz; Farooq Ahmad; et al.

15
claims
34
verbatim quotes
5
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Salinity stress is a major abiotic factor that inhibits plant growth and yield. This study's objective was to evaluate how foliar applications of melatonin and ascorbic acid affected canola varieties under salt stress. The treatments of the study were as follows: canola varieties (a) (Oscar and Super), (b) melatonin (MT) and ascorbic acid (AsA) (control, 100 µM MT, 1 mM AsA, and 100 µM MT + 1 mM AsA), and (c) salt stress (0 mM NaCl, 75 mM NaCl, and 150 mM NaCl) levels were used. Under saline conditions, plant height was reduced by 27.8% in both varieties while the combined effect of MT and AsA improved the plant height up to 22.9% and 54.3% in Oscar and Super, respectively. Seed yield and biological yield significantly declined under salinity stress up to 74%, and 44.6% in Oscar and 81.3%, and 34.1% in Super. The cumulative effect of MT and AsA improved all these by 152.3%, and 31.1% in Oscar and 212%, and 35% in Super, respectively. Melatonin and AsA improved the water relations attributes and root and shoot Ca 2+ and K + and decreased the accumulation of Na + ions. Overall results Oscar outer‐performed Super, and MT and AsA role in improving plant salt tolerance.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 15

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity reduced plant height by 27.8% in both varieties.

Material
both varietiese0
Treatment
saline conditionse0
Outcome
plant heighte0
Direction
reducede0
Value
27.8%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Under saline conditions, plant height was reduced by 27.8% in both varieties while the combined effect of MT and AsA improved the plant height up to 22.9% and 54.3% in Oscar and Super, respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 484–682 · show in text ↑
t0

“Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined MT and AsA improved plant height in Oscar by 22.9%.

Material
Oscare0
Treatment
combined effect of MT and AsAe0
Outcome
plant heighte0
Direction
improvede0
Value
22.9%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Under saline conditions, plant height was reduced by 27.8% in both varieties while the combined effect of MT and AsA improved the plant height up to 22.9% and 54.3% in Oscar and Super, respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 484–682 · show in text ↑
t0

“Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined MT and AsA improved plant height in Super by 54.3%.

Material
Supere0
Treatment
combined effect of MT and AsAe0
Outcome
plant heighte0
Direction
improvede0
Value
54.3%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Under saline conditions, plant height was reduced by 27.8% in both varieties while the combined effect of MT and AsA improved the plant height up to 22.9% and 54.3% in Oscar and Super, respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 484–682 · show in text ↑
t0

“Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity reduced Seed yield in Oscar by 74%.

Material
Oscare0
Treatment
salinity stresse0
Outcome
Seed yielde0
Direction
declinede0
Value
74%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Seed yield and biological yield significantly declined under salinity stress up to 74%, and 44.6% in Oscar and 81.3%, and 34.1% in Super.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 683–820 · show in text ↑
t0

“Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity reduced biological yield in Oscar by 44.6%.

Material
Oscare0
Treatment
salinity stresse0
Outcome
biological yielde0
Direction
declinede0
Value
44.6%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Seed yield and biological yield significantly declined under salinity stress up to 74%, and 44.6% in Oscar and 81.3%, and 34.1% in Super.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 683–820 · show in text ↑
t0

“Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity reduced Seed yield in Super by 81.3%.

Material
Supere0
Treatment
salinity stresse0
Outcome
Seed yielde0
Direction
declinede0
Value
81.3%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Seed yield and biological yield significantly declined under salinity stress up to 74%, and 44.6% in Oscar and 81.3%, and 34.1% in Super.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 683–820 · show in text ↑
t0

“Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity reduced biological yield in Super by 34.1%.

Material
Supere0
Treatment
salinity stresse0
Outcome
biological yielde0
Direction
declinede0
Value
34.1%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Seed yield and biological yield significantly declined under salinity stress up to 74%, and 44.6% in Oscar and 81.3%, and 34.1% in Super.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 683–820 · show in text ↑
t0

“Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

MT and AsA improved Seed yield in Oscar by 152.3%.

Material
Oscare0
Treatment
MT and AsAe0
Outcome
Seed yielde1
Direction
improvede0
Value
152.3%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The cumulative effect of MT and AsA improved all these by 152.3%, and 31.1% in Oscar and 212%, and 35% in Super, respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 821–947 · show in text ↑
e1

“Seed yield and biological yield significantly declined under salinity stress up to 74%, and 44.6% in Oscar and 81.3%, and 34.1% in Super.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 683–820 · show in text ↑
t0

“Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

MT and AsA improved biological yield in Oscar by 31.1%.

Material
Oscare0
Treatment
MT and AsAe0
Outcome
biological yielde1
Direction
improvede0
Value
31.1%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The cumulative effect of MT and AsA improved all these by 152.3%, and 31.1% in Oscar and 212%, and 35% in Super, respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 821–947 · show in text ↑
e1

“Seed yield and biological yield significantly declined under salinity stress up to 74%, and 44.6% in Oscar and 81.3%, and 34.1% in Super.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 683–820 · show in text ↑
t0

“Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

MT and AsA improved Seed yield in Super by 212%.

Material
Supere0
Treatment
MT and AsAe0
Outcome
Seed yielde1
Direction
improvede0
Value
212%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The cumulative effect of MT and AsA improved all these by 152.3%, and 31.1% in Oscar and 212%, and 35% in Super, respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 821–947 · show in text ↑
e1

“Seed yield and biological yield significantly declined under salinity stress up to 74%, and 44.6% in Oscar and 81.3%, and 34.1% in Super.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 683–820 · show in text ↑
t0

“Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

MT and AsA improved biological yield in Super by 35%.

Material
Supere0
Treatment
MT and AsAe0
Outcome
biological yielde1
Direction
improvede0
Value
35%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The cumulative effect of MT and AsA improved all these by 152.3%, and 31.1% in Oscar and 212%, and 35% in Super, respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 821–947 · show in text ↑
e1

“Seed yield and biological yield significantly declined under salinity stress up to 74%, and 44.6% in Oscar and 81.3%, and 34.1% in Super.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 683–820 · show in text ↑
t0

“Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Melatonin and AsA improved water relations attributes.

Treatment
Melatonin and AsAe0
Outcome
water relations attributese0
Direction
improvede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Melatonin and AsA improved the water relations attributes and root and shoot Ca 2+ and K + and decreased the accumulation of Na + ions.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 948–1083 · show in text ↑
t0

“Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Melatonin and AsA improved root and shoot Ca 2+ and K +.

Treatment
Melatonin and AsAe0
Outcome
root and shoot Ca 2+ and K +e0
Direction
improvede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Melatonin and AsA improved the water relations attributes and root and shoot Ca 2+ and K + and decreased the accumulation of Na + ions.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 948–1083 · show in text ↑
t0

“Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Melatonin and AsA decreased accumulation of Na + ions.

Treatment
Melatonin and AsAe0
Outcome
accumulation of Na + ionse0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Melatonin and AsA improved the water relations attributes and root and shoot Ca 2+ and K + and decreased the accumulation of Na + ions.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 948–1083 · show in text ↑
t0

“Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–77 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Oscar outperformed Super overall.

Material
Oscare0
Outcome
outer‐performede0
Direction
outer‐performede0
Comparator
Supere0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Overall results Oscar outer‐performed Super, and MT and AsA role in improving plant salt tolerance.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1084–1183 · show in text ↑
t0

“Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–77 · show in text ↑

L-ascorbic acid · nutrient: content · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

3 papers: 2 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

melatonin · nutrient: content · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

L-ascorbic acid · molecular: metabolites · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

melatonin · molecular: metabolites · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

melatonin · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

L-ascorbic acid · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

melatonin · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree

6 papers: 6 positive, 0 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

2 papers more in this group

See all 6 papers →

salinity · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results differ

20 papers: 1 positive, 19 negative or no effect

18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. no effect

16 papers more in this group

See all 20 papers →

8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.