Abstract
Chemical fertilizers pose significant risks to both human health and the environment. To investigate the effect of substituting nitrogen fertilizer with vermicompost tea on wheat yield, shoot chemical constituents, and grain quality under clay-loam soil conditions, two field experiments were conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt, during the winter seasons of 2021–2022 and 2022–2023. A split-plot design in randomized complete blocks with three replications was employed. Vermicompost tea was assigned to the main plots, while wheat cultivars were assigned to the subplots. The cultivars were evaluated under four treatments involving partial substitution of mineral nitrogen (recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN%, 190 kg N ha−1): a control (90% of RDN + 25 kg vermicompost tea), 80% of RDN + 37.5 kg vermicompost tea, and 70% of RDN + 50 kg vermicompost tea. Nitrogen fertilizer (RDN%) was applied at rates of 190 (control), 170 (90%), 150 (80%), and 130 (70%) kg N ha−1. The results indicated that partially substituting mineral nitrogen with vermicompost tea significantly increased grain weight/Ha, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, carotenoids, nitrogen, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) content in shoots, as well as ash, crude protein, crude fiber, total sugar, and N, P, and K content in wheat grains. The grain weight/Ha of the Sakha-95, Giza-171, and Sads-14 cultivars increased by 38.6%, 33.5%, and 39.3%, respectively, when treated with 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost tea. The combination of the Sads-14 cultivar and 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost tea resulted in the highest values for grain weight/ha (9.43 tons ha−1), chlorophyll A (1.39 mg/g), chlorophyll B (1.04 mg/g), N (5.08%), P (1.63%), and P (2.43%) content in shoots. The same combination also improved ash (2.89%), crude fiber (2.84%), and K (6.05%) content in grains. In conclusion, the application of vermicompost tea in conjunction with chemical fertilizers offers a viable alternative to using chemical fertilizers alone, promoting sustainable agricultural practices and improving wheat production. It is recommended that mineral nitrogen fertilizer be partially replaced with vermicompost tea to enhance both the productivity and grain quality of wheat while minimizing environmental pollution.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Partial nitrogen substitution increased grain weight, shoot pigments and nutrients, and grain constituents.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- partially substituting mineral nitrogen with vermicompost teae0
- Outcome
- grain weight/Ha, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll Be0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“partially substituting mineral nitrogen with vermicompost tea significantly increased grain weight/Ha, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, carotenoids, nitrogen, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) content in shoots, as well as ash, crude protein, crude fiber, total sugar, and N, P, and K content in wheat grains.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sakha-95 grain weight increased 38.6% under 70% RDN plus tea.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sakha-95e0
- Treatment
- 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost teae0
- Outcome
- grain weight/Hae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 38.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain weight/Ha of the Sakha-95, Giza-171, and Sads-14 cultivars increased by 38.6%, 33.5%, and 39.3%, respectively, when treated with 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost tea.”
e1“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza-171 grain weight increased 33.5% under 70% RDN plus tea.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Giza-171e0
- Treatment
- 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost teae0
- Outcome
- grain weight/Hae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain weight/Ha of the Sakha-95, Giza-171, and Sads-14 cultivars increased by 38.6%, 33.5%, and 39.3%, respectively, when treated with 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost tea.”
e1“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Sads-14 grain weight increased 39.3% under 70% RDN plus tea.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sads-14e0
- Treatment
- 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost teae0
- Outcome
- grain weight/Hae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain weight/Ha of the Sakha-95, Giza-171, and Sads-14 cultivars increased by 38.6%, 33.5%, and 39.3%, respectively, when treated with 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost tea.”
e1“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Sads-14 with 70% RDN plus tea had highest grain weight of 9.43 tons per hectare.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of the Sads-14 cultivar and 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost tea resulted in the highest values for grain weight/ha (9.43 tons ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same combination yielded highest shoot chlorophyll A of 1.39 mg/g.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of the Sads-14 cultivar and 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost tea resulted in the highest values for grain weight/ha (9.43 tons ha−1), chlorophyll A (1.39 mg/g)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same combination yielded highest shoot chlorophyll B of 1.04 mg/g.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of the Sads-14 cultivar and 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost tea resulted in the highest values for grain weight/ha (9.43 tons ha−1), chlorophyll A (1.39 mg/g), chlorophyll B (1.04 mg/g)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same combination yielded highest shoot N of 5.08%.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“N (5.08%), P (1.63%), and P (2.43%) content in shoots.”
e1“The combination of the Sads-14 cultivar and 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost tea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same combination yielded shoot P of 1.63%.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“N (5.08%), P (1.63%), and P (2.43%) content in shoots.”
e1“The combination of the Sads-14 cultivar and 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost tea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same combination yielded another reported shoot P value of 2.43%.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“N (5.08%), P (1.63%), and P (2.43%) content in shoots.”
e1“The combination of the Sads-14 cultivar and 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost tea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same combination improved grain ash to 2.89%.
- Taxon
- Sads-14e1
- Treatment
- 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost teae1
- Outcome
- ashe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 2.89%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The same combination also improved ash (2.89%), crude fiber (2.84%), and K (6.05%) content in grains.”
e1“The combination of the Sads-14 cultivar and 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost tea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same combination improved grain crude fiber to 2.84%.
- Taxon
- Sads-14e1
- Treatment
- 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost teae1
- Outcome
- crude fibere0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 2.84%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The same combination also improved ash (2.89%), crude fiber (2.84%), and K (6.05%) content in grains.”
e1“The combination of the Sads-14 cultivar and 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost tea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same combination improved grain K to 6.05%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The same combination also improved ash (2.89%), crude fiber (2.84%), and K (6.05%) content in grains.”
e1“The combination of the Sads-14 cultivar and 70% RDN + 50 kg vermicompost tea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend partial replacement of mineral nitrogen with vermicompost tea.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- mineral nitrogen fertilizer be partially replaced with vermicompost teae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is recommended that mineral nitrogen fertilizer be partially replaced with vermicompost tea to enhance both the productivity and grain quality of wheat while minimizing environmental pollution.”
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