Abstract
Background: The groundnut crop faces various biotic and abiotic stresses that reduce yield and quality, leading to significant economic losses. Stem rot, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, is a major root disease, causing 40-55% yield loss. Hence effective management strategies for stem rot are essential. Methods: A field trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, during rabi 2023-24 and kharif 2024-25. The trial evaluated the efficacy of cost-effective fungicides, bioagents and organic manures against groundnut stem rot. Disease incidence (%) and yield per hectare were analyzed statistically. Result: Laboratory experiments revealed that seed dressing fungicides Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% DS and Propiconazole 25% EC were highly effective against Sclerotium rolfsii. Among bioagents, Trichoderma harzianum (IOF, UAS, Dharwad strain) showed the highest efficacy, followed by T. harzianum (NBAIM, Mau, Uttar Pradesh strain) and T. harzianum (NBAIR, Bengaluru strain). A two-year evaluation of ten integrated treatment modules during rabi seasons demonstrated that seed treatment with a consortia of T. harzianum (NBAIM, Mau, UP) + T. harzianum (NBAIR, Bengaluru) at 10 g kg-1 seeds, combined with soil application of vermicompost enriched with T. harzianum (NBAIM, Mau, UP) + T. harzianum (NBAIR, Bengaluru) (1 kg each + 100 kg vermicompost) at 250 kg/acre in seed furrows at sowing, resulted in the lowest disease incidence and highest pod yield, chlorophyll content, haulm yield and benefit-cost ratio.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% DS was highly effective against Sclerotium rolfsii in laboratory experiments.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% DSe0
- Interactor
- Sclerotium rolfsii
Agroathelia rolfsiie0pathogen - Outcome
- highly effective against Sclerotium rolfsiie0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory experiments revealed that seed dressing fungicides Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% DS and Propiconazole 25% EC were highly effective against Sclerotium rolfsii”
t0“Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Propiconazole 25% EC was highly effective against Sclerotium rolfsii in laboratory experiments.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Propiconazole 25% ECe0
- Interactor
- Sclerotium rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiie0pathogen
- Outcome
- highly effective against Sclerotium rolfsiie0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory experiments revealed that seed dressing fungicides Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% DS and Propiconazole 25% EC were highly effective against Sclerotium rolfsii”
t0“Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum from IOF, UAS, Dharwad had the highest efficacy among bioagents.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- highest efficacye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma harzianum (IOF, UAS, Dharwad strain) showed the highest efficacy, followed by T. harzianum (NBAIM, Mau, Uttar Pradesh strain) and T. harzianum (NBAIR, Bengaluru strain)”
t0“Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated Trichoderma seed and vermicompost treatment had the lowest stem rot incidence.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- seed treatment with a consortia of T. harzianum (NBAIM, Mau, UP) + T. harzianum (NBAIR, Bengaluru) at 10 g kg-1 seedse0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment with a consortia of T. harzianum (NBAIM, Mau, UP) + T. harzianum (NBAIR, Bengaluru) at 10 g kg-1 seeds, combined with soil application of vermicompost enriched with T. harzianum (NBAIM, Mau, UP) + T. harzianum (NBAIR, Bengaluru) (1 kg each + 100 kg vermicompost) at 250 kg/acre in seed furrows at sowing, resulted in the lowest disease incidence and highest pod yield, chlorophyll content, haulm yield and benefit-cost ratio”
t0“Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated Trichoderma seed and vermicompost treatment gave the highest pod yield.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- seed treatment with a consortia of T. harzianum (NBAIM, Mau, UP) + T. harzianum (NBAIR, Bengaluru) at 10 g kg-1 seedse0
- Outcome
- pod yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment with a consortia of T. harzianum (NBAIM, Mau, UP) + T. harzianum (NBAIR, Bengaluru) at 10 g kg-1 seeds, combined with soil application of vermicompost enriched with T. harzianum (NBAIM, Mau, UP) + T. harzianum (NBAIR, Bengaluru) (1 kg each + 100 kg vermicompost) at 250 kg/acre in seed furrows at sowing, resulted in the lowest disease incidence and highest pod yield, chlorophyll content, haulm yield and benefit-cost ratio”
t0“Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated Trichoderma treatment gave the highest chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T. harzianume1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulted in the lowest disease incidence and highest pod yield, chlorophyll content, haulm yield and benefit-cost ratio”
t0“Groundnut Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Through Fungicides, Bioagents and Organic Manures”
e1“seed treatment with a consortia of T. harzianum (NBAIM, Mau, UP) + T. harzianum (NBAIR, Bengaluru) at 10 g kg-1 seeds, combined with soil application of vermicompost enriched with T. harzianum (NBAIM, Mau, UP) + T. harzianum (NBAIR, Bengaluru) (1 kg each + 100 kg vermicompost) at 250 kg/acre in seed furrows at sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated Trichoderma treatment gave the highest haulm yield.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T. harzianume1
- Outcome
- haulm yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulted in the lowest disease incidence and highest pod yield, chlorophyll content, haulm yield and benefit-cost ratio”
t0“Groundnut Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Through Fungicides, Bioagents and Organic Manures”
e1“seed treatment with a consortia of T. harzianum (NBAIM, Mau, UP) + T. harzianum (NBAIR, Bengaluru) at 10 g kg-1 seeds, combined with soil application of vermicompost enriched with T. harzianum (NBAIM, Mau, UP) + T. harzianum (NBAIR, Bengaluru) (1 kg each + 100 kg vermicompost) at 250 kg/acre in seed furrows at sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated Trichoderma treatment gave the highest benefit-cost ratio.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T. harzianume1
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulted in the lowest disease incidence and highest pod yield, chlorophyll content, haulm yield and benefit-cost ratio”
t0“Groundnut Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Through Fungicides, Bioagents and Organic Manures”
e1“seed treatment with a consortia of T. harzianum (NBAIM, Mau, UP) + T. harzianum (NBAIR, Bengaluru) at 10 g kg-1 seeds, combined with soil application of vermicompost enriched with T. harzianum (NBAIM, Mau, UP) + T. harzianum (NBAIR, Bengaluru) (1 kg each + 100 kg vermicompost) at 250 kg/acre in seed furrows at sowing”
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See all 65 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.