Abstract
Background: The integration of green manuring and nitrogen fertilization is a sustainable approach to enhance soil fertility and improve crop quality. Specifically, in crops like Basmati rice, these practices are known to influence critical parameters such as protein content and the availability of essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. This study aims to evaluate the effects of various green manuring crops and nitrogen application levels on both soil nutrient status and grain quality of Basmati rice. Methods: The experiment was conducted during the 2023 kharif season at the Agricultural Research Farm of Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, using a split-plot design. Four main plots were used: M0 (Control, no green manuring), M1 (Sesbania aculeata), M2 (Crotalaria juncea) and M3 (Vigna unguiculata), along with four nitrogen levels as sub-plots: N1 (0 kg ha-1), N2 (15 kg ha-1), N3 (30 kg ha-1) and N4 (45 kg ha-1). Key parameters such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium availability in the soil, alongside protein, nitrogen content in the rice grains, were assessed to figure out the impact of these treatments. Result: The application of green manures, particularly in Sesbania aculeata (M1), resulted in significant improvements in both the protein content of Basmati rice grains and the availability of essential nutrients in the soil. The treatments involving Vigna unguiculata (M3) and Crotalaria juncea (M2) also had positive effects, through to a lesser degree. Among the nitrogen levels, the highest protein content and nutrient availability were observed at 45 kg ha-1 nitrogen application followed by 30 kg ha-1 (N3), 15 kg ha-1 (N2), whereas the control treatment with 0 kg ha-1 (N1), with no nutrient input, exhibited the lowest values. These findings underline the critical role of integrating green manuring and nitrogen fertilization to enhance both soil fertility and basmati rice quality.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Sesbania aculeata green manure significantly improved Basmati rice grain protein content.
- Taxon
- Basmati ricee0
- Treatment
- Sesbania aculeatae0
- Outcome
- protein content of Basmati rice grainse0
- Direction
- improvementse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The application of green manures, particularly in Sesbania aculeata (M1), resulted in significant improvements in both the protein content of Basmati rice grains and the availability of essential nutrients in the soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesbania aculeata green manure significantly improved soil nutrient availability.
- Taxon
- Basmati ricee0
- Treatment
- Sesbania aculeatae0
- Outcome
- availability of essential nutrients in the soile0
- Direction
- improvementse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The application of green manures, particularly in Sesbania aculeata (M1), resulted in significant improvements in both the protein content of Basmati rice grains and the availability of essential nutrients in the soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vigna unguiculata green manure had positive but lesser effects on rice protein and soil nutrient availability.
- Taxon
- Basmati ricee1
- Treatment
- Vigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- protein content of Basmati rice grains and the availability of essential nutrients in the soile1
- Direction
- positive effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The treatments involving Vigna unguiculata (M3) and Crotalaria juncea (M2) also had positive effects, through to a lesser degree.”
e1“protein content of Basmati rice grains and the availability of essential nutrients in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Crotalaria juncea green manure had positive but lesser effects on rice protein and soil nutrient availability.
- Taxon
- Basmati ricee1
- Treatment
- Crotalaria junceae0
- Outcome
- protein content of Basmati rice grains and the availability of essential nutrients in the soile1
- Direction
- positive effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The treatments involving Vigna unguiculata (M3) and Crotalaria juncea (M2) also had positive effects, through to a lesser degree.”
e1“protein content of Basmati rice grains and the availability of essential nutrients in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The 45 kg ha-1 nitrogen rate yielded the highest rice protein content.
Verbatim
e0“the highest protein content and nutrient availability were observed at 45 kg ha-1 nitrogen application followed by 30 kg ha-1 (N3), 15 kg ha-1 (N2), whereas the control treatment with 0 kg ha-1 (N1), with no nutrient input, exhibited the lowest values.”
e1“grain quality of Basmati rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 45 kg ha-1 nitrogen rate yielded the highest nutrient availability.
Verbatim
e0“the highest protein content and nutrient availability were observed at 45 kg ha-1 nitrogen application followed by 30 kg ha-1 (N3), 15 kg ha-1 (N2), whereas the control treatment with 0 kg ha-1 (N1), with no nutrient input, exhibited the lowest values.”
e1“grain quality of Basmati rice.”
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