Abstract
Abstract Background Sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.) is the main source of sugar in many countries and ranks 2nd after sugarcane worldwide. Being poor competitor, weeds are a major obstacle against healthy growth and sustainable production in sugar beets. The current study was conducted during two successive seasons (2019/2021) with the aim of assessing the response of weed growth and sugar beet yield to certain herbicides that are commonly used in different cropping systems. In conjunction with unweeded check and hand hoeing twice, Goltix ® 70 SC, Tegro ® 27% EG and Betanal ® MaxxPro herbicides were applied alone (at the recommended rates) or in combination (50 and 75%) with urea (2%) in a randomized complete block design. Results The results indicated that weed competition significantly reduced plant growth, as well as root and sugar yields by 50.21% to 68.68%. Overall, all herbicidal treatments provided significant weed control with positive changes in sugar beet yield and quality. While the reduction in total weed biomass remained relatively consistent across the various treatments, broad-leaved and narrow-leaved weeds exhibited marked differences in their responses to the herbicide treatments. Obviously, no much significant differences were observed between the individual application of the herbicides and their combined use, particularly at the 75% dilution level with urea, in terms of either weed suppression or crop enhancement. The maximum root yield and better weed control were proportionally achieved with Tegro and Betanal at the recommended concentrations followed by hand hoeing twice, and their use significantly contributed to further improvement in quality characteristics compared to those recorded with the other treatments. Conclusions Using such herbicides at reduced doses in combination with urea proved to be a feasible approach for improving application efficacy without compromising root yield or affecting sugar quality. This strategy may also contribute to reducing herbicide resistance while promoting more sustainable, environmentally friendly weed management in sugar beet production in the foreseeable future.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Weed competition significantly reduced sugar beet plant growth.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- weed competitione0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“weed competition significantly reduced plant growth, as well as root and sugar yields by 50.21% to 68.68%”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed competition significantly reduced sugar beet root yield by a reported range of 50.21% to 68.68%.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- weed competitione0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- roote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 50.21% to 68.68%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“weed competition significantly reduced plant growth, as well as root and sugar yields by 50.21% to 68.68%”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed competition significantly reduced sugar beet sugar yield by a reported range of 50.21% to 68.68%.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- weed competitione0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- sugar yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 50.21% to 68.68%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“weed competition significantly reduced plant growth, as well as root and sugar yields by 50.21% to 68.68%”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested herbicide treatments significantly controlled weeds.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- all herbicidal treatmentse0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“all herbicidal treatments provided significant weed control with positive changes in sugar beet yield and quality”
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicide treatments improved sugar beet yield and quality.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- all herbicidal treatmentse0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- sugar beet yield and qualitye0
- Direction
- positive changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“all herbicidal treatments provided significant weed control with positive changes in sugar beet yield and quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Broad leaved and narrow leaved weeds responded differently to herbicide treatments.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse0
- Interactor
- broad-leaved and narrow-leaved weedse0weed
- Outcome
- marked differences in their responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“broad-leaved and narrow-leaved weeds exhibited marked differences in their responses to the herbicide treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Total weed biomass reduction was relatively consistent across treatments.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- total weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“the reduction in total weed biomass remained relatively consistent across the various treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual herbicide application and combined use with urea at 75% dilution did not differ significantly in weed suppression.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- their combined usee0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed suppressione0
- Direction
- no much significant differencese0
- Qualifier
- 75% dilution level with ureae0
- Comparator
- individual application of the herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“no much significant differences were observed between the individual application of the herbicides and their combined use, particularly at the 75% dilution level with urea, in terms of either weed suppression or crop enhancement”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual herbicide application and combined use with urea at 75% dilution did not differ significantly in crop enhancement.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- their combined usee0
- Outcome
- crop enhancemente0
- Direction
- no much significant differencese0
- Qualifier
- 75% dilution level with ureae0
- Comparator
- individual application of the herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“no much significant differences were observed between the individual application of the herbicides and their combined use, particularly at the 75% dilution level with urea, in terms of either weed suppression or crop enhancement”
Claim · model-written summary
Tegro at the recommended concentration produced maximum root yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Tegroe0
- Outcome
- maximum root yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- recommended concentrationse0
- Comparator
- hand hoeing twicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“The maximum root yield and better weed control were proportionally achieved with Tegro and Betanal at the recommended concentrations followed by hand hoeing twice”
Claim · model-written summary
Betanal at the recommended concentration produced maximum root yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Betanale0
- Outcome
- maximum root yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- recommended concentrationse0
- Comparator
- hand hoeing twicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“The maximum root yield and better weed control were proportionally achieved with Tegro and Betanal at the recommended concentrations followed by hand hoeing twice”
Claim · model-written summary
Tegro at the recommended concentration achieved better weed control than hand hoeing twice.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Tegroe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- hand hoeing twicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“The maximum root yield and better weed control were proportionally achieved with Tegro and Betanal at the recommended concentrations followed by hand hoeing twice”
Claim · model-written summary
Betanal at the recommended concentration achieved better weed control than hand hoeing twice.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Betanale0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- hand hoeing twicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“The maximum root yield and better weed control were proportionally achieved with Tegro and Betanal at the recommended concentrations followed by hand hoeing twice”
Claim · model-written summary
Tegro significantly improved sugar beet quality characteristics relative to other treatments.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Tegroe1
- Outcome
- quality characteristicse0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“their use significantly contributed to further improvement in quality characteristics compared to those recorded with the other treatments”
e1“Tegro and Betanal at the recommended concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Betanal significantly improved sugar beet quality characteristics relative to other treatments.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Betanale1
- Outcome
- quality characteristicse0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“their use significantly contributed to further improvement in quality characteristics compared to those recorded with the other treatments”
e1“Tegro and Betanal at the recommended concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider reduced herbicide doses with urea feasible for improving application efficacy while maintaining root yield and sugar quality.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- herbicides at reduced doses in combination with ureae0
- Outcome
- feasible approach for improving application efficacy without compromising root yield or affecting sugar qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“Using such herbicides at reduced doses in combination with urea proved to be a feasible approach for improving application efficacy without compromising root yield or affecting sugar quality”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.