Abstract
Stem borer (Chilo partellus) is one of the serious pests of maize in Sri Lanka. At present, this pest is managed through foliar application of liquid or granular formulations of recommended insecticides. The use of insecticides can be environmentally disruptive and can result in reducing beneficial insects and accumulation of residues in the harvested produce. In order to develop safer control methods, field studies were conducted during Maha 2014/15 and Yala 2015 to evaluate the efficacy of crude powders of locally available plants against maize stem borer. Experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments tested were leaf powder of Ocimum spp., Lantana camara, Tagetes spp. and seed powder of Azadirachta indica. These treatments were compared with the recommended Diazinon 5G and an untreated control. The variety MI maize hybrid 1 was used. Plant powders and Diazinon were applied twice as whorl applications at 3 and 5 weeks after planting at a rate of 15 kg/ha (except neem at 5 kg/ha). During Maha 2014/15, at 8 weeks after planting, the percentage damaged plants in the plots treated with plant powders ranged from 17 to 27 % while the damaged plants in the untreated plot was 40 %. During Yala 2015, at 8 weeks after planting, all the plants treated with plant powders except those treated with Tagetes spp. showed significantly lower percentage of damage (21-23 %) compared to untreated control (36 %). Diazinon 5G was superior in reducing stem borer damage during both seasons. Larval population and severity of stem borer damage were also significantly lower in Ocimum spp., L. camara, A. indica and Diazinon treated plots compared to the untreated control during both seasons. Results also showed that application of crude powders of these three plants increased the maize grain yields by 43-45 % and 24-27 % compared to the untreated control during Maha 2014/15 and Yala 2015, respectively.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Plant powders reduced damaged maize plants to 17–27% versus 40% untreated in Maha.
- Treatment
- plant powderse0
- Interactor
- Chilo partellus
_Figure_27c.jpg?width=60)
Chilo partellust0pest - Outcome
- percentage damaged plantse0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 17 to 27 %e0
- Qualifier
- 40 %e0
- Comparator
- untreated plote0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_27c.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“During Maha 2014/15, at 8 weeks after planting, the percentage damaged plants in the plots treated with plant powders ranged from 17 to 27 % while the damaged plants in the untreated plot was 40 %.”
t0“maize stem borer Chilo partellus”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant powders other than Tagetes significantly reduced Yala damage to 21–23% versus 36% untreated.
- Treatment
- plant powders except those treated with Tagetes spp.e0
- Interactor
- Chilo partellusChilo partellust0pest
- Outcome
- percentage of damagee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 21-23 %e0
- Qualifier
- 36 %e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During Yala 2015, at 8 weeks after planting, all the plants treated with plant powders except those treated with Tagetes spp. showed significantly lower percentage of damage (21-23 %) compared to untreated control (36 %).”
t0“maize stem borer Chilo partellus”
Claim · model-written summary
Diazinon 5G reduced borer damage more than plant powders in both seasons.
- Treatment
- Diazinon 5Ge0
- Interactor
- Chilo partellusChilo partellust0pest
- Outcome
- stem borer damagee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diazinon 5G was superior in reducing stem borer damage during both seasons.”
t0“maize stem borer Chilo partellus”
Claim · model-written summary
Ocimum powder significantly lowered borer larval population and damage severity.
- Treatment
- Ocimum spp.e0
- Interactor
- Chilo partellusChilo partellust0pest
- Outcome
- Larval population and severity of stem borer damagee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larval population and severity of stem borer damage were also significantly lower in Ocimum spp., L. camara, A. indica and Diazinon treated plots compared to the untreated control during both seasons.”
t0“maize stem borer Chilo partellus”
Claim · model-written summary
Lantana powder significantly lowered borer larval population and damage severity.
- Treatment
- L. camarae0
- Interactor
- Chilo partellusChilo partellust0pest
- Outcome
- Larval population and severity of stem borer damagee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larval population and severity of stem borer damage were also significantly lower in Ocimum spp., L. camara, A. indica and Diazinon treated plots compared to the untreated control during both seasons.”
t0“maize stem borer Chilo partellus”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem powder significantly lowered borer larval population and damage severity.
- Treatment
- A. indicae0
- Interactor
- Chilo partellusChilo partellust0pest
- Outcome
- Larval population and severity of stem borer damagee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larval population and severity of stem borer damage were also significantly lower in Ocimum spp., L. camara, A. indica and Diazinon treated plots compared to the untreated control during both seasons.”
t0“maize stem borer Chilo partellus”
Claim · model-written summary
Diazinon significantly lowered borer larval population and damage severity.
- Treatment
- Diazinone0
- Interactor
- Chilo partellusChilo partellust0pest
- Outcome
- Larval population and severity of stem borer damagee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larval population and severity of stem borer damage were also significantly lower in Ocimum spp., L. camara, A. indica and Diazinon treated plots compared to the untreated control during both seasons.”
t0“maize stem borer Chilo partellus”
Claim · model-written summary
Ocimum powder increased maize grain yield by 43–45% in Maha.
- Treatment
- Ocimum spp.e1
- Outcome
- maize grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 43-45 %e0
- Qualifier
- Maha 2014/15e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of crude powders of these three plants increased the maize grain yields by 43-45 % and 24-27 % compared to the untreated control during Maha 2014/15 and Yala 2015, respectively.”
e1“Ocimum spp., L. camara, A. indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Lantana powder increased maize grain yield by 43–45% in Maha.
- Treatment
- L. camarae1
- Outcome
- maize grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 43-45 %e0
- Qualifier
- Maha 2014/15e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of crude powders of these three plants increased the maize grain yields by 43-45 % and 24-27 % compared to the untreated control during Maha 2014/15 and Yala 2015, respectively.”
e1“Ocimum spp., L. camara, A. indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem powder increased maize grain yield by 43–45% in Maha.
- Treatment
- A. indicae1
- Outcome
- maize grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 43-45 %e0
- Qualifier
- Maha 2014/15e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of crude powders of these three plants increased the maize grain yields by 43-45 % and 24-27 % compared to the untreated control during Maha 2014/15 and Yala 2015, respectively.”
e1“Ocimum spp., L. camara, A. indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Ocimum powder increased maize grain yield by 24–27% in Yala.
- Treatment
- Ocimum spp.e1
- Outcome
- maize grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24-27 %e0
- Qualifier
- Yala 2015e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of crude powders of these three plants increased the maize grain yields by 43-45 % and 24-27 % compared to the untreated control during Maha 2014/15 and Yala 2015, respectively.”
e1“Ocimum spp., L. camara, A. indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Lantana powder increased maize grain yield by 24–27% in Yala.
- Treatment
- L. camarae1
- Outcome
- maize grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24-27 %e0
- Qualifier
- Yala 2015e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of crude powders of these three plants increased the maize grain yields by 43-45 % and 24-27 % compared to the untreated control during Maha 2014/15 and Yala 2015, respectively.”
e1“Ocimum spp., L. camara, A. indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem powder increased maize grain yield by 24–27% in Yala.
- Treatment
- A. indicae1
- Outcome
- maize grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24-27 %e0
- Qualifier
- Yala 2015e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of crude powders of these three plants increased the maize grain yields by 43-45 % and 24-27 % compared to the untreated control during Maha 2014/15 and Yala 2015, respectively.”
e1“Ocimum spp., L. camara, A. indica”
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