Abstract
Bio-organic farming plays a crucial role in ensuring environmental sustainability by fostering plant growth and yield, particularly in challenging abiotic stress conditions. The study aims to investigate the influence of farm yard manure (FYM) and Azotobacter, at varying altitudes, on the growth and yield performance of Brassicaceae vegetables, including cabbage, cauliflower and radish. The open-field study was carried out using a factorial experiment within a randomized block design. The first variable consisted of different treatments: T1 (FYM), T2 (Azotobacter), T3 (FYM + Azotobacter) and T4 (control). The second variable was the location factor (such as high-altitude (3340 m, Leh-Ladakh) and low altitude (321 m, Chandigarh), India. In general, the T3 treatment (FYM + Azotobacter) exhibited superior crop growth and yield attributes as compared to the control. At 90 days after transplanting (DAT) or 60 days after sowing (DAS), the T3 treatments demonstrated increased plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, plant spread, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll content and leaf anthocyanin content at HA, whereas a higher number of leaves and greater radish plant height and leaf area were observed at LA. Further, T3 treatment of HA cultivated Brassicaceae vegetables demonstrated a higher yield, such as cabbage (494.75 ± 4.97 q/ha), cauliflower (259.05 ± 10.34 q/ha) and radish (390.64 ± 4.65 q/ha) than LA. Overall, this study concludes that bio-organic farming of sustainable Brassicaceae vegetable production at HA gets more yields as compared to LA cultivated samples.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
FYM plus Azotobacter improved crop growth and yield attributes relative to the control.
- Taxon
- Brassicaceae vegetablese1
- Treatment
- FYM + Azotobactere0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter
Azotobactere0symbiont - Outcome
- crop growth and yield attributese0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the T3 treatment (FYM + Azotobacter) exhibited superior crop growth and yield attributes as compared to the control.”
e1“Brassicaceae vegetables, including cabbage, cauliflower and radish.”
Claim · model-written summary
At high altitude, FYM plus Azotobacter increased plant height, leaf length and leaf width at 90 DAT or 60 DAS.
- Taxon
- Brassicaceae vegetablese2
- Treatment
- FYM + Azotobactere1
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf length, leaf widthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 90 days after transplanting (DAT) or 60 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- HAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 90 days after transplanting (DAT) or 60 days after sowing (DAS), the T3 treatments demonstrated increased plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, plant spread, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll content and leaf anthocyanin content at HA”
e1“T3 (FYM + Azotobacter) and T4 (control)”
e2“Brassicaceae vegetables, including cabbage, cauliflower and radish.”
Claim · model-written summary
At high altitude, FYM plus Azotobacter increased leaf area, plant spread and stem diameter.
- Taxon
- Brassicaceae vegetablese2
- Treatment
- FYM + Azotobactere1
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf area, plant spread, stem diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- HAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the T3 treatments demonstrated increased plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, plant spread, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll content and leaf anthocyanin content at HA”
e1“T3 (FYM + Azotobacter) and T4 (control)”
e2“Brassicaceae vegetables, including cabbage, cauliflower and radish.”
Claim · model-written summary
At high altitude, FYM plus Azotobacter increased leaf chlorophyll and anthocyanin content.
- Taxon
- Brassicaceae vegetablese2
- Treatment
- FYM + Azotobactere1
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll content and leaf anthocyanin contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- HAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the T3 treatments demonstrated increased plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, plant spread, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll content and leaf anthocyanin content at HA”
e1“T3 (FYM + Azotobacter) and T4 (control)”
e2“Brassicaceae vegetables, including cabbage, cauliflower and radish.”
Claim · model-written summary
At low altitude, FYM plus Azotobacter produced more leaves.
- Taxon
- Brassicaceae vegetablese2
- Treatment
- FYM + Azotobactere1
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- LAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas a higher number of leaves and greater radish plant height and leaf area were observed at LA.”
e1“T3 (FYM + Azotobacter) and T4 (control)”
e2“Brassicaceae vegetables, including cabbage, cauliflower and radish.”
Claim · model-written summary
At low altitude, FYM plus Azotobacter increased radish height and leaf area.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- FYM + Azotobactere1
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant height and leaf areae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- LAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater radish plant height and leaf area were observed at LA.”
e1“T3 (FYM + Azotobacter) and T4 (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
With FYM plus Azotobacter, high-altitude cabbage yield exceeded low-altitude yield and reached 494.75 ± 4.97 q/ha.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae0 - Treatment
- FYM + Azotobactere1
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 494.75 ± 4.97 q/hae0
- Comparator
- LAe0
- Setting
- HAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T3 treatment of HA cultivated Brassicaceae vegetables demonstrated a higher yield, such as cabbage (494.75 ± 4.97 q/ha), cauliflower (259.05 ± 10.34 q/ha) and radish (390.64 ± 4.65 q/ha) than LA.”
e1“T3 (FYM + Azotobacter)”
Claim · model-written summary
With FYM plus Azotobacter, high-altitude cauliflower yield exceeded low-altitude yield and reached 259.05 ± 10.34 q/ha.
- Taxon
- cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. botrytise0 - Treatment
- FYM + Azotobactere1
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 259.05 ± 10.34 q/hae0
- Comparator
- LAe0
- Setting
- HAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T3 treatment of HA cultivated Brassicaceae vegetables demonstrated a higher yield, such as cabbage (494.75 ± 4.97 q/ha), cauliflower (259.05 ± 10.34 q/ha) and radish (390.64 ± 4.65 q/ha) than LA.”
e1“T3 (FYM + Azotobacter)”
Claim · model-written summary
With FYM plus Azotobacter, high-altitude radish yield exceeded low-altitude yield and reached 390.64 ± 4.65 q/ha.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- FYM + Azotobactere1
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 390.64 ± 4.65 q/hae0
- Comparator
- LAe0
- Setting
- HAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T3 treatment of HA cultivated Brassicaceae vegetables demonstrated a higher yield, such as cabbage (494.75 ± 4.97 q/ha), cauliflower (259.05 ± 10.34 q/ha) and radish (390.64 ± 4.65 q/ha) than LA.”
e1“T3 (FYM + Azotobacter)”
The same questions in other papers
Azotobacter · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
fertilization · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
89 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
107 papers more in this group
See all 111 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.