Abstract
Biochar application and irrigation management are widely regarded as effective strategies for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural systems. However, the combined effects of these two approaches on greenhouse gas emissions remain insufficiently understood. This study investigated how different biochar application rates and irrigation strategies affect soil moisture and temperature, as well as the relationship between soil moisture, temperature, and greenhouse gas emissions. A two-year field experiment was conducted in the North China Plain to investigate the combined impact of deficit irrigation and biochar on greenhouse gas emissions in a summer maize–winter wheat rotation system. The experiment included three irrigation strategies (full irrigation (F: 70 %-80 % field capacity ( θ fc )), deficit irrigation (D: 50 %-60 % θ fc ) during the jointing stage of maize and wheat (D J ), and deficit irrigation during the jointing stage and filling stage of maize and wheat (D J+F )) and 3 biochar application rates (T: 0 t ha −1 biochar, M: 15 t ha −1 biochar, and H: 30 t ha −1 biochar). The results showed that water-filled pore space (WFPS) and soil temperature were positively correlated with CO 2 and N 2 O emission fluxes but had no significant relationship with CH 4 emission flux. Decreasing irrigation and increasing biochar application led to a reduction in cumulative soil CO 2 and N 2 O emissions, alongside an increase in CH 4 absorption. The interaction between deficit irrigation and biochar application effectively reduced overall soil greenhouse gas emissions. Under high biochar application (H), deficit irrigation during the jointing stage of maize and wheat decreased the global warming potential by 15.9 %, with a minimal yield loss of only 4.86 %. These findings suggest that targeted deficit irrigation, combined with biochar application, is a promising strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while minimizing crop yield losses.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Soil WFPS and temperature were positively correlated with CO2 and N2O emission fluxes.
Verbatim
e0“water-filled pore space (WFPS) and soil temperature were positively correlated with CO 2 and N 2 O emission fluxes”
t0“maize-wheat rotation systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil WFPS and temperature had no significant association with CH4 emission flux.
Verbatim
e0“water-filled pore space (WFPS) and soil temperature were positively correlated with CO 2 and N 2 O emission fluxes but had no significant relationship with CH 4 emission flux”
t0“maize-wheat rotation systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced irrigation and more biochar lowered cumulative soil CO2 and N2O emissions.
- Taxon
- maize-wheatt0
- Treatment
- Decreasing irrigation and increasing biochar applicatione0
- Outcome
- cumulative soil CO 2 and N 2 O emissionse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing irrigation and increasing biochar application led to a reduction in cumulative soil CO 2 and N 2 O emissions”
t0“maize-wheat rotation systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced irrigation and more biochar increased soil CH4 absorption.
- Taxon
- maize-wheatt0
- Treatment
- Decreasing irrigation and increasing biochar applicatione0
- Outcome
- CH 4 absorptione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing irrigation and increasing biochar application led to a reduction in cumulative soil CO 2 and N 2 O emissions, alongside an increase in CH 4 absorption”
t0“maize-wheat rotation systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation combined with biochar reduced overall soil greenhouse gas emissions.
- Taxon
- maize-wheatt0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation and biochar applicatione0
- Outcome
- overall soil greenhouse gas emissionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The interaction between deficit irrigation and biochar application effectively reduced overall soil greenhouse gas emissions”
t0“maize-wheat rotation systems”
Claim · model-written summary
With high biochar, jointing-stage deficit irrigation lowered global warming potential by 15.9%.
- Taxon
- maize and wheat
Triticum aestivum
Zea mayse0 - Treatment
- deficit irrigation during the jointing stage of maize and wheate0
- Outcome
- global warming potentiale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 15.9 %e0
- Qualifier
- high biochar application (H)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high biochar application (H), deficit irrigation during the jointing stage of maize and wheat decreased the global warming potential by 15.9 %”
Claim · model-written summary
With high biochar, jointing-stage deficit irrigation caused a 4.86% yield loss.
- Taxon
- maize and wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayse0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation during the jointing stage of maize and wheate0
- Outcome
- yield losse0
- Direction
- losse0
- Value
- 4.86 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deficit irrigation during the jointing stage of maize and wheat decreased the global warming potential by 15.9 %, with a minimal yield loss of only 4.86 %”
The same questions in other papers
Triticum aestivum · environment: emissions · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Zea mays · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 52 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
57 papers more in this group
See all 61 papers →Triticum aestivum · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 83 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
98 papers more in this group
See all 102 papers →irrigation · environment: emissions · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →irrigation · environment: emissions · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →irrigation · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
190 papers in the same direction as this paper · 798 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
985 papers more in this group
See all 989 papers →irrigation · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
224 papers in the same direction as this paper · 791 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1,012 papers more in this group
See all 1,016 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.