Abstract
Climate change is projected to increase global temperatures and alter rainfall patterns. In Peru, these changes could adversely affect the central basin of the Huallaga River by increasing pest and disease incidence, evapotranspiration, and water consumption. This basin is one of the country’s main rice-producing regions, where the crop is traditionally cultivated using inefficient practices, such as continuous flood irrigation. This study evaluated the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa var. INIA 516 LM1-La Unión 23), the water footprint as an indicator of water use efficiency, and the incidence of pests and diseases associated with irrigation regimes. Three irrigation treatments were implemented: Traditional flooding T1 (maintenance of a 0.15 m water layer with replenishment every 4 days), Optimized flooding T2 (replenishment every 7 days), and Intermittent rainfed irrigation T3 (replenishment every 14 days). Although no significant differences were observed in biometric parameters, yield, or pest and disease incidence, a trend of decreasing yield with longer irrigation intervals was noted: traditional flooding (7.91 t∙ha−1) > reduced flooding (7.82 t∙ha−1) > intermittent rainfed (7.14 t∙ha−1). The incidence of white leaf virus and Burkholderia glumae was highest in the intermittent rainfed treatment, followed by optimized flooding, with the lowest incidence in traditional flooding. Yield reduction and the use of rainwater to cover water requirements resulted in a lower total water footprint for traditional flooding (834.0 m3∙t−1), followed by optimized flooding (843.6 m3∙t−1) and intermittent rainfed (923.9 m3∙t−1). This reflects an improvement in rainwater use efficiency. The findings suggest intermittent rainfed irrigation enhances water use efficiency without significantly compromising rice yield or increasing disease incidence in rice var. INIA 516 LM1-La Unión 23 in the central basin of the Huallaga River.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation regimes did not differ significantly in biometric parameters, yield, or pest and disease incidence.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa var. INIA 516 LM1-La Unión 23
Oryza sativae3 - Treatment
- Three irrigation treatmentse2
- Outcome
- biometric parameters, yield, or pest and disease incidencee1
- Direction
- no significant differencese1
- Comparator
- Traditional flooding T1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Although no significant differences were observed in biometric parameters, yield, or pest and disease incidence”
e2“Three irrigation treatments were implemented: Traditional flooding T1 (maintenance of a 0.15 m water layer with replenishment every 4 days), Optimized flooding T2 (replenishment every 7 days), and Intermittent rainfed irrigation T3 (replenishment every 14 days)”
e3“This study evaluated the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa var. INIA 516 LM1-La Unión 23)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice yield showed a trend of decreasing as irrigation intervals lengthened.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- longer irrigation intervalse4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- decreasinge4
- Comparator
- traditional floodinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“This study evaluated the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa var. INIA 516 LM1-La Unión 23)”
e4“a trend of decreasing yield with longer irrigation intervals was noted: traditional flooding (7.91 t∙ha−1) > reduced flooding (7.82 t∙ha−1) > intermittent rainfed (7.14 t∙ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional flooding yielded 7.91 t∙ha−1 of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- traditional floodinge4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Value
- 7.91 t∙ha−1e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“This study evaluated the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa var. INIA 516 LM1-La Unión 23)”
e4“a trend of decreasing yield with longer irrigation intervals was noted: traditional flooding (7.91 t∙ha−1) > reduced flooding (7.82 t∙ha−1) > intermittent rainfed (7.14 t∙ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced flooding yielded 7.82 t∙ha−1 of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- reduced floodinge4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Value
- 7.82 t∙ha−1e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“This study evaluated the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa var. INIA 516 LM1-La Unión 23)”
e4“a trend of decreasing yield with longer irrigation intervals was noted: traditional flooding (7.91 t∙ha−1) > reduced flooding (7.82 t∙ha−1) > intermittent rainfed (7.14 t∙ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intermittent rainfed irrigation yielded 7.14 t∙ha−1 of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- intermittent rainfede4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Value
- 7.14 t∙ha−1e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“This study evaluated the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa var. INIA 516 LM1-La Unión 23)”
e4“a trend of decreasing yield with longer irrigation intervals was noted: traditional flooding (7.91 t∙ha−1) > reduced flooding (7.82 t∙ha−1) > intermittent rainfed (7.14 t∙ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional flooding had a lower total water footprint (834.0 m3∙t−1) than intermittent rainfed irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- traditional floodinge5
- Outcome
- total water footprinte5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Value
- 834.0 m3∙t−1e5
- Comparator
- intermittent rainfede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“This study evaluated the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa var. INIA 516 LM1-La Unión 23)”
e5“Yield reduction and the use of rainwater to cover water requirements resulted in a lower total water footprint for traditional flooding (834.0 m3∙t−1), followed by optimized flooding (843.6 m3∙t−1) and intermittent rainfed (923.9 m3∙t−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
The incidence of white leaf virus and Burkholderia glumae was highest under intermittent rainfed irrigation and lowest under traditional flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- intermittent rainfed treatmente6
- Interactor
- white leaf viruse6pathogen
- Second interactor
- Burkholderia glumae
Burkholderia glumaee6pathogen - Outcome
- incidencee6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Comparator
- traditional floodinge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“This study evaluated the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa var. INIA 516 LM1-La Unión 23)”
e6“The incidence of white leaf virus and Burkholderia glumae was highest in the intermittent rainfed treatment, followed by optimized flooding, with the lowest incidence in traditional flooding”
Claim · model-written summary
Intermittent rainfed irrigation is suggested to enhance water use efficiency without significantly compromising rice yield or increasing disease incidence.
Verbatim
e7“The findings suggest intermittent rainfed irrigation enhances water use efficiency without significantly compromising rice yield or increasing disease incidence in rice var. INIA 516 LM1-La Unión 23”
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