Abstract
High irradiation can enhance the availability of carbon (C) skeletons for ammonium (NH4+ assimilation, thus preventing NH4+ toxicity, but it can also have a detrimental effect. The objective was to verify the physiological, nutritional and growth effects of light source (fluorescent or Light-emitting diode, LED) and N form (NO3− and NH4+) on tomato cv. Micro-Tom (MT). A randomized block design with 5 replications in a 2x2 factorial scheme was used, comprising lamp fluorescent (70 µmol m−2 s−1) or LED (300 µmol m−2 s−1) and 5.9 mmol L−1 N as NO3− or NH4+. For types of lamps, plants supplied with NH4+ exhibited decreased total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, increased anthocyanin content and electrolyte leakage, and leaf epinasty. Plant shoot and root dry mass were higher under LED than under fluorescent lamp in both N treatments. However, symptoms of NH4+ toxicity, especially lower plant growth, leaf epinasty, and chlorosis and necrosis in old leaves, were more evident in the plants grown under LED. In conclusion, NH4+ was toxic to tomatoes, regardless of the lamp type, i.e. fluorescent or LED, as it reduces total chlorophyll, carotenoids and increases the electrolyte leakage index. Tomato grown in NO3− under LED had an increase in biomass due to the greater number and length of lateral branches. NH4+ toxicity was more severe in the plants grown under LED than in the plants grown under fluorescent lamp.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
NH4+ caused total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- NH4+e0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll and carotenoid contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For types of lamps, plants supplied with NH4+ exhibited decreased total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, increased anthocyanin content and electrolyte leakage, and leaf epinasty.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NH4+ caused anthocyanin content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NH4+e0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For types of lamps, plants supplied with NH4+ exhibited decreased total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, increased anthocyanin content and electrolyte leakage, and leaf epinasty.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NH4+ caused electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NH4+e0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For types of lamps, plants supplied with NH4+ exhibited decreased total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, increased anthocyanin content and electrolyte leakage, and leaf epinasty.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NH4+ caused leaf epinasty.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NH4+e0
- Outcome
- leaf epinastye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For types of lamps, plants supplied with NH4+ exhibited decreased total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, increased anthocyanin content and electrolyte leakage, and leaf epinasty.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
LED increased shoot dry mass under both N treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LEDe0
- Outcome
- shoote0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- both N treatmentse0
- Comparator
- fluorescent lampe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant shoot and root dry mass were higher under LED than under fluorescent lamp in both N treatments.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
LED increased root dry mass under both N treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LEDe0
- Outcome
- roote0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- both N treatmentse0
- Comparator
- fluorescent lampe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant shoot and root dry mass were higher under LED than under fluorescent lamp in both N treatments.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Under NH4+, LED exacerbated plant growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LEDe0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- NH4+ toxicitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, symptoms of NH4+ toxicity, especially lower plant growth, leaf epinasty, and chlorosis and necrosis in old leaves, were more evident in the plants grown under LED.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Under NH4+, LED exacerbated leaf epinasty.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LEDe0
- Outcome
- leaf epinastye0
- Direction
- more evidente0
- Qualifier
- NH4+ toxicitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, symptoms of NH4+ toxicity, especially lower plant growth, leaf epinasty, and chlorosis and necrosis in old leaves, were more evident in the plants grown under LED.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Under NH4+, LED exacerbated chlorosis and necrosis in old leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LEDe0
- Outcome
- chlorosis and necrosis in old leavese0
- Direction
- more evidente0
- Qualifier
- NH4+ toxicitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, symptoms of NH4+ toxicity, especially lower plant growth, leaf epinasty, and chlorosis and necrosis in old leaves, were more evident in the plants grown under LED.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Under nitrate, LED increased tomato biomass.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato grown in NO3− under LED had an increase in biomass due to the greater number and length of lateral branches.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under nitrate and LED, lateral branch number and length were greater.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- LEDe0
- Outcome
- number and length of lateral branchese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- NO3−e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato grown in NO3− under LED had an increase in biomass due to the greater number and length of lateral branches.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium toxicity was more severe under LED than fluorescent light.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LEDe0
- Outcome
- NH4+ toxicitye0
- Direction
- more severee0
- Comparator
- fluorescent lampe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NH4+ toxicity was more severe in the plants grown under LED than in the plants grown under fluorescent lamp.”
t0“tomato”
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See all 226 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.