Abstract
Increasing soil salinity is threatening agricultural productivity which implies the development of new sustainable strategies to deal with this challenge. The main objective here is to assess the potential for improving the tolerance of alfalfa to salinity by combining inoculations with rhizobia and AMF. However, the distinguishing feature of this study is the comparison of two alfalfa varieties’ microbial response to salinity. The greenhouse trial was conducted on an Australian variety Siriver and an indigenous Demnate population, which were inoculated with Rhizoglomus irregulare and/or native AMF, and/or a RhOL1 rhizobial strain. The RhOL1 strain was selected from nine rhizobia tested for their plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) activities. In addition to its ability to tolerate high salinity levels (769 mM) and solubilize insoluble phosphate as well as potassium, it can also synthesize auxins such as IAA. The application of these biofertilizers was carried out in the absence and the presence of the saline stress (0 and 120 mM NaCl). The double inoculations of native AMF and RhOL1 significantly improve the shoot and root dry biomass, plant elongation, number of formed leaves, and mineral nutrition, as well as the number of nodules and the rate of mycorrhizal root colonization. The synergistic effects between the native AMF and RhOL1 strain have been demonstrated in this study. However, the behavior of alfalfa genotypes towards microbial inoculation was significantly different. The ability to react to the double indigenous RhOL1 + AMF inoculation is more important in the Siriver than in the Demnate population. Thus, the possibility of formulating biofertilizers is based on the AMF–rhizobia–hote tripartite combination for alfalfa production in saline areas.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Double inoculation with native AMF and RhOL1 significantly improved shoot and root dry biomass in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- Alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- double inoculations of native AMF and RhOL1e1
- Interactor
- native AMFe1symbiont
- Second interactor
- RhOL1e1symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry biomasse2
- Direction
- improvee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e1“The double inoculations of native AMF and RhOL1 significantly improve”
e2“improve the shoot and root dry biomass, plant elongation, number of formed leaves, and mineral nutrition, as well as the number of nodules and the rate of mycorrhizal root colonization”
Claim · model-written summary
Double inoculation with native AMF and RhOL1 improved plant elongation, leaf number and mineral nutrition in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- double inoculations of native AMF and RhOL1e1
- Interactor
- native AMFe1symbiont
- Second interactor
- RhOL1e1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant elongation, number of formed leaves, and mineral nutritione2
- Direction
- improvee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e1“The double inoculations of native AMF and RhOL1 significantly improve”
e2“improve the shoot and root dry biomass, plant elongation, number of formed leaves, and mineral nutrition, as well as the number of nodules and the rate of mycorrhizal root colonization”
Claim · model-written summary
Double inoculation with native AMF and RhOL1 improved nodule number and mycorrhizal root colonization in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- double inoculations of native AMF and RhOL1e1
- Interactor
- native AMFe1symbiont
- Second interactor
- RhOL1e1symbiont
- Outcome
- number of nodules and the rate of mycorrhizal root colonizatione2
- Direction
- improvee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e1“The double inoculations of native AMF and RhOL1 significantly improve”
e2“improve the shoot and root dry biomass, plant elongation, number of formed leaves, and mineral nutrition, as well as the number of nodules and the rate of mycorrhizal root colonization”
Claim · model-written summary
Synergistic effects between native AMF and the RhOL1 strain were demonstrated in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- native AMF and RhOL1 straine1
- Interactor
- native AMFe1symbiont
- Second interactor
- RhOL1 straine1symbiont
- Outcome
- synergistic effectse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e1“The synergistic effects between the native AMF and RhOL1 strain have been demonstrated in this study”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa genotypes differed significantly in their behavior towards microbial inoculation.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Material
- alfalfa genotypese1
- Treatment
- microbial inoculatione1
- Outcome
- the behavior of alfalfa genotypes towards microbial inoculatione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e1“the behavior of alfalfa genotypes towards microbial inoculation was significantly different”
Claim · model-written summary
The ability to react to the double RhOL1 plus AMF inoculation was more important in Siriver than in the Demnate population.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Material
- Sirivere1
- Treatment
- double indigenous RhOL1 + AMF inoculatione1
- Outcome
- ability to reacte1
- Direction
- more importante1
- Comparator
- Demnate populatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e1“The ability to react to the double indigenous RhOL1 + AMF inoculation is more important in the Siriver than in the Demnate population”
Claim · model-written summary
The RhOL1 strain tolerated high salinity levels of 769 mM.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- ability to tolerate high salinity levelse1
- Value
- 769 mMe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e1“In addition to its ability to tolerate high salinity levels (769 mM) and solubilize insoluble phosphate as well as potassium, it can also synthesize auxins such as IAA”
Claim · model-written summary
The RhOL1 strain solubilizes insoluble phosphate and potassium.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- solubilize insoluble phosphate as well as potassiume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e1“In addition to its ability to tolerate high salinity levels (769 mM) and solubilize insoluble phosphate as well as potassium, it can also synthesize auxins such as IAA”
Claim · model-written summary
The RhOL1 strain synthesizes auxins such as IAA.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- synthesize auxins such as IAAe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e1“In addition to its ability to tolerate high salinity levels (769 mM) and solubilize insoluble phosphate as well as potassium, it can also synthesize auxins such as IAA”
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